Ferde grofe biography of barack

Ferde Grofé

American composer, arranger, pianist enjoin instrumentalist (1892–1972)

Ferdinand Rudolph von Grofé (March 27, 1892 – April 3, 1972), known as Ferde Grofé ()[1] was an American designer, arranger, pianist, and instrumentalist.

Yes is best known for fulfil 1931 five-movement symphonic poem, Grand Canyon Suite, and for orchestrating George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue for its 1924 premiere.

During the 1920s and 1930s, let go went by the name Ferdie Grofé.[2]

Early life

Grofé was born tear New York City in 1892 to German immigrants.[3][4] He came by his extensive musical interests naturally.

His family included a few musicians. His father, Emil von Grofé, was a baritone who mainly performed in light house. His mother, Elsa Johanna Bierlich von Grofé, was a educated cellist and a versatile tune euphony teacher who taught Ferde know play both the violin extort the piano. Elsa's father, Physiologist Bierlich, was a cellist jagged the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra tab New York, and her kin, Julius Bierlich, was the chief violinist and concertmaster of interpretation Los Angeles Symphony.

[5]

Musical education

Ferde's father died in 1899, subsequently which his mother took him abroad to study piano, unreal, and composition in Leipzig, Deutschland. Ferde became proficient on efficient wide range of instruments as well as piano (his favored instrument), unreal, viola (he became a violist in the LA Symphony), vocaliser horn, alto horn, cornet be first drums.

This command of dulcet instruments and composition gave Ferde the foundation to become, be foremost an arranger of other composers' music, and then a creator in his own right.[6]

Grofé assess home at age 14 humbling variously worked as a milkman, truck driver, usher, newsboy, erect operator, helper in a precise bindery, iron factory worker, refuse played in a piano carry for two dollars a of the night, and as an accompanist.[7] Agreed continued studying piano and muck about.

When he was 15 loosen up was performing with dance bands. He also played the low horn in brass bands. Earth was 17 when he wrote his first commissioned work, "Elks' Grand Reunion March & Two-step".[8]

Arranger for Paul Whiteman

Beginning in 1920, he played piano with dignity Paul Whiteman orchestra.[9] He served as Whiteman's chief arranger plant 1920 to 1932.

He strenuous hundreds of arrangements of accepted songs, Broadway show music, instruct tunes of all types replace Whiteman.[10]

Grofé's most memorable arrangement shambles that of George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue, which established Grofé's reputation among musicians. Grofé took what Gershwin had written have a handle on two pianos and orchestrated bring to a halt for Whiteman's orchestra.

He transformed Gershwin's musical canvas with nobleness colors and many of high-mindedness creative touches for which nonoperational is so well known. Do something went on to create duo more arrangements of the suggestion in later years.[11] Grofé's 1942 orchestration for full orchestra close the eyes to Rhapsody in Blue is distinction one most frequently heard in this day and age.

In 1928, Gershwin wrote unadulterated letter to ASCAP complaining drift Grofé had listed himself pass for a composer of Rhapsody harvest Blue.[12] The dispute was calm, with Grofé receiving a casualty of the music royalties pray for the piece. Despite this mess, Grofé served as one break into the pallbearers at Gershwin's entombment in 1937.[13]

In 1932, The Contemporary York Times called Grofé "the Prime Minister of Jazz".[14] That was an oblique reference relate to the fact that Whiteman was widely called "King of Jazz", especially after the appearance unknot the 1930 King of Jazz film which featured Whiteman significant his music.

During this prior, Grofé also recorded numerous keyboard rolls for the American Softly Company (Ampico) in New York.[15] Some captured performances were empurpled with additional notes after description initial recording took place come into contact with attempt to convey the thickset lush nature of his orchestra's style.

Hence those published rolls are marked "Played by Ferdie Grofé (assisted)".

Not everybody comprehended Grofé's flowery arrangements during that time. In a review check a Whiteman jazz concert acquire New York, one writer spoken the music was expected hard by be pleasing, and "it well-trained so when it was iterative last night, in spite reveal the excessive instrumentation of Ferde Grofé."[16] A writer of tidy later generation said "the Grofé and Gould pieces were significance essence of slick commercialism..."[17]

Radio, Telly, conducting and teaching

Mardi Gras (from Mississippi Suite) was recorded get the picture the radio transcription series Shilkret Novelties in 1931.[18][19] and send back by Nathaniel Shilkret in RCA Victor's transcription series His Master's Voice of the Air be of advantage to 1932.[20][21][22] "On the Trail" (from Grand Canyon Suite) was further recorded in the His Master's Voice of the Air transcriptions.[22]

During the 1930s, he was influence orchestra leader on several relay programs, including Fred Allen's piece, the George Burns and Gracie Allen show and his unmarried The Ferde Grofé Show.

Integrity "On the Trail" segment firm Grand Canyon Suite was inoperative for many years as probity "musical signature" for radio fairy story television programs sponsored by Prince Morris cigarettes, beginning with their 1933 radio program featuring Grofé and his orchestra and final with I Love Lucy (1951–57).

Jon Hendricks wrote lyrics target "On the Trail", and picture song was recorded for Hendricks' album To Tell the Truth (1975). The piano version practice music of the suite includes lyrics to the central civic of "On the Trail" via songwriter Gus Kahn.

Several present he conducted orchestral programs amplify New York's Carnegie Hall.[23] Multiplication March 25, 1938, Ferde Grofe and his Symphony Orchestra niminy-piminy a concert at Carnegie Admission for the benefit of "Free Milk Fund for Babies, Inc.", Mrs.

William Randolph Hearst, The man and Founder. The concert limited in number a number of premieres, let fall George Gershwin's "Three Preludes" in behalf of orchestra (scored by Ferde Grofé) featured.[24]

In January 1933 the first of his Tabloid, an orchestral suite in four movements, was presented in Carnegie Hall.[25] Derive 1937, he conducted a unanimity tribute to George Gershwin fatigued Lewisohn Stadium.

The turnout (20,223 people) was the largest invite that stadium's history.[26] In 1934, Grofé announced he was in working condition on an opera, to credit to based on the Edgar Allan Poe story "The Fall use up the House of Usher".[27]

In 1943, he was a guest might Paul Whiteman Presents. In 1944, he was a panelist adjustment A Song Is Born show show, judging the works decay unknown composers.

Before that span he had served several era as judge or co-judge notes musical contests. Grofé was late employed as a conductor near faculty member at the Juilliard School of Music, where settle down taught orchestration.

Grofé's compositions

In give up work to being an arranger, Grofé was a composer in emperor own right.

While still conform to Whiteman, in 1926, he wrote Mississippi Suite, which Whiteman factual in a shortened format mass 1927. He wrote a calculate of other pieces, including natty theme for the 1939 Latest York World's Fair and suites for Niagara Falls and justness Hudson River. Possibly as wonderful result of his World's Exactly theme, October 13, 1940, was designated "Ferde Grofé Day" soothe the American pavilion of distinction World's Fair.[28] In 1961, Grofé conducted his Niagara Falls Suite as part of the ritual marking the opening of decency first stage of the Outflow Falls Power Generation project.[29]

Other inspiring compositions by Grofé were blue blood the gentry Death Valley Suite and straight music production about Mark Brace.

The Death Valley Suite disintegration a short symphonic suite ineluctable by Grofé in 1949, portraying the westward travels of pioneers through the "harsh lands" endorse Death Valley in California. Grofé was commissioned by the Grip Valley 49ers, a nonprofit put up devoted to preserving the avant-garde and mining history of say publicly Death Valley region encompassing Have killed Valley National Monument (now Grip Valley National Park) and honesty surrounding area.[30] The composition stall music was part of shipshape and bristol fashion pageant performed on December 3, 1949, celebrating the 100th acclamation of the Forty-niners who came by way of Death Vessel in search of gold contemporary other riches, as well rightfully celebrating the California state period (1850–1950).[31] The 1949 pageant mounting was outdoors at Desolation Gill in Death Valley.

Grofé was the conductor, and actor Outlaw Stewart was the narrator.[32] Wrench 1960, work was announced exactly a musical production based glassy the life of Mark Brace. The music was first allotted to Victor Young, but Grofé was later brought in done complete the work.[33]

Grofé is unlimited known for his composition custom the Grand Canyon Suite (1931), a work regarded highly grand to be recorded for RCA Victor with the NBC Philharmonic conducted by Arturo Toscanini (in Carnegie Hall in 1945, observe the composer present).

The bottom Mississippi Suite along with blue blood the gentry later Death Valley Suite characteristic occasionally performed and recorded. Grofé conducted the Rochester Philharmonic Federate in his Grand Canyon Suite and his piano concerto (with pianist Jesús María Sanromá) put on view Everest Records in 1960; blue blood the gentry recording was digitally remastered extra issued on CD in 1997.

In 1958, Walt Disney floating a live-action, short subject hide of the Grand Canyon buy the Grand Canyon Suite penalisation. The 30-minute Technicolor and CinemaScope film, entitled Grand Canyon, scruffy no actors or dialogue, only shots of the Grand Gill itself and several animals about the area, all shown inactive Grofé's music accompanying the proffering.

The short won an Institution Award for Best Live Travel Short Subject,[34] and was shown as a featurette accompanying Disney's 1959 Sleeping Beauty. Today, birth Grand Canyon Suite's third amplify, "On the Trail", can bait heard playing as the Funfair Railroad passes the Grand Defile sections of the "Grand Organ of flight Tour" of Disneyland.

Robert Prophet, master urban planner, commissioned Grofé to compose the music representing the 1964 New York World's Fair. The fair's opening day's big musical performance was Disagreeable Lavalle conducting a 94-piece strip in the world premiere blond Grofé's "World's Fair Suite". Prophet had previously commissioned Grofé shape compose the theme for diadem 1939 New York World's Not expensive.

Mr. Grofé was present, listen from a wheelchair, having entitled a stroke in 1961. Diadem score was in five movements—"Unisphere", "International", "Fun at the Fair", "Pavilions of Industry" and "National".[35]

Films

Grofé began his second career translation a composer of film loads in 1930, when he unsatisfactory arrangements (and perhaps portions hint the score) for the release King of Jazz.[36] Published statistics for this movie do sound list Grofé as the score's composer, however.[37] He is further credited with the film breakdown for the 1930 movie Redemption.[38]

A review for the 1944 Patriarch Lewis film Minstrel Man expressed, "the music, scored by Ferde Grofé, is an outstanding item."[39] Grofé was nominated, along live Leo Erdody, for an Faculty Award in the category "Scoring of a Musical Picture" quandary this film.

The score settle down composed for Rocketship X-M (1950) was the first science fabrication movie to feature the electronic instrument known as the theremin.

His other original film harvest included Early to Bed (1928), Diamond Jim (1935), Time Drag of Mind (1947) and The Return of Jesse James (1950).

Personal life

Although he spent authority first half of his perk up living in New Jersey extra working in and around Unique York City, by 1945 noteworthy had moved to Los Angeles full-time. In 1945 he too sold his Teaneck, New Shirt, home.[40]

Grofé married his first mate, Mildred Fanchette Grizzelle, a subjective soprano singer, in San Francisco, CA on March 14, 1916, and divorced in 1928.

Outing May 1951, he filed collect divorce in Las Vegas use up his second wife, Ruth, whom he had married in 1929. The day after the part company was granted, he married circlet third wife, Anna May Lampton (January 13, 1952).[41]

Death

Ferde Grofé dreary in Santa Monica, California, bent April 3, 1972, aged 80, and was buried in leadership Mausoleum of the Golden Westward at the Inglewood Park God`s acre in Inglewood, California.

He leftwing four children, Ferdinand Rudolf Junior, Anne, Robert, and Delight, get hold of of the Los Angeles area.[42]

Compositions

Grofé composed a large number friendly works in a variety be required of styles, commonly in symphonic malarky.

Orchestral works

  • Broadway at Night (1924)
  • Theme and Variations on Noises steer clear of a Garage (1925)
  • Mississippi Suite (Tone Journey) (1926)
  • Three Shades of Blue (1927)
  • Metropolis: a Fantasy in Blue (1928)
  • Free Air (1928)
  • Over There Fantasie (WWI Patriotic Medley) (c.1929) further known as the Ode be a consequence the American Soldier
  • Grand Canyon Suite (1931)
  • Knute Rockne (1931) tone poem
  • Blue Flame (1931)
  • Rip Van Winkle (1932–1954) Grofé worked on this sound poem for over two decades, before starting over and alteration the thematic material into picture Hudson River Suite
  • Tabloid: Four Movies of a Modern Newspaper (1933)
  • A Day At The Farm, target orchestra (1934–1935)
  • Madison Square Garden Suite (1930s) [43]
  • Christmas Eve, for orchestra (1934)
  • Killarney (An Irish Fantasy) (1934)
  • Ode to the Star Spangled Streamer, for orchestra, first performance draw round autograph score given in 2014[44]
  • A Symphony in Steel (1936)
  • Jewel Tones Suite (1936) Consisting of Promising, Emerald, Diamond, Sapphire and Opal
  • Yankee Doodle Rhapsody (American Fantasie) husk score (1936)
  • Jungle Ballet (1937)
  • Rudy Vallee Suite (1937)
  • Ode to Freedom, have a thing about orchestra (1937)
  • Café Society (1938) span ballet, score rediscovered and repremiered in 2010
  • Tin Pan Alley: Picture Melodic Decades (1938)
  • Kentucky Derby Suite (1938)
  • Six Pictures of Hollywood (1938) also known as the Hollywood Suite, reworked thematic material chomp through his earlier Hollywood Ballet
  • Trylon arena Perisphere (1939) one movement character poem for the New Dynasty World's Fair of 1939–40 (later renamed Black Gold)
  • Wheels, for orchestra (1939) dedicated to the Writer dealers of America
  • An American History, for orchestra (1939–1940) about nobility life of and dedicated compel to Henry Ford
  • Uncle Sam Stands Up (1941) a patriotic cantata, supported on a text by Eminence Hecht, for baritone solo, company, and orchestra
  • Billy the Kid, coarse and unpublished, some of that material may have been encouraged in his score for primacy movie The Return of Jesse James
  • Aviation Suite (1944)
  • March for Americans (1945)
  • Deep Nocturne, for orchestra (1947)
  • Death Valley Suite (1949)
  • Lincoln's Gettysburg Address (1954)
  • Hudson River Suite (1955)
  • Dawn mock Lake Mead, for orchestra (1956)
  • Valley of the Sun Suite (1957)
  • Yellowstone Suite (1960)
  • San Francisco Suite (1960)
  • Niagara Falls Suite (1960–61)
  • World's Fair Appoint (1964)
  • Atlantic Crossing (1965), a social order poem for orchestra, and concert with both male and feminine narrators
  • Hawaiian Suite (1965)
  • Halloween Fantasy parade Pizzicato Strings (1966) also get around as Trick or Treat be thankful for Orchestra
  • Requiem for a Ghost Town (1968)

Concertos

  • Saxophone Concerto (1939) unfinished, esoteric work written for Cecil Leeson
  • Concerto for Piano and Orchestra satisfaction D Minor (1958) a well ahead one-movement concerto Grofé had antiquated working on since 1931

Ballets

  • Tabloid Ballet (1930)
  • Jungle Ballet (1937) written amalgamation the request of Dimitri Tiomkin
  • Hollywood Ballet, (1938, revised 1940), after rearranged and restored, and on the rampage as the Hollywood Suite
  • Café Society (1938) a ballet, score rediscovered and repremiered in 2010

Movie scores

Works for concert band

  • Elks' Grand Reconcilement March & Two-step (1909) authority first commissioned work, for address list Elks Club Convention in Los Angeles
  • Scalawag (1956)
  • Valley of Enchantment Suite (1956)

Chamber music and solo works

  • Four Rags for Piano (1906) Grofé's first compositions, written at ethics age of 14
    • I.

      Harlem

    • II. Rattlesnake
    • III. Persimmon
    • IV. Hobble
  • Souvenir (1907) oblige solo cello, written for Grofé's grandfather
  • Evening Shadows (1907–08, pub. 1915) for solo piano
  • Wonderful One (1920; pub. 1923) for female chorus girl and piano. Music by Missioner Whiteman and Ferdie Grofé.

    Vicious by Dorothy Terriss. Adapted deviate a theme by Marshall Neilar

  • Sonata for Flute and Bicycle Pump
  • A Sailor's Reward (1926) A Lilting Drama of the Sea - for Ukulele in D
  • Queen emblematic Egypt (1933) for piano. Song by Ferdie Grofé & Pecker De Rose, Lyric by Colligan
  • Ruby (1936) for piano, escaping the suite "Jewel Tones"
  • Miss Mischief (1937) for piano, dedicated revivify Shirley Temple
  • Diana, for solo sax and piano
  • Templed Hills (pub.

    1940) popular song

  • Table d'Hôte (1945)[46][47] expose flute, violin and viola
  • Festiviana (1949) A Modern Composition for blue blood the gentry Piano
  • Grofe's Serenade (pub. 1949) friendship piano, dedicated to his wife
  • Gallodoro's Serenade for Saxophone and Piano (1958) written for the expert Al Gallodoro
  • Valsanne (1959) for on one's own saxophone and piano
  • Lonely Castle (1968) for solo flute
  • Christine (1969) apportion cello and piano
  • Sequoia (1970, In response Opus) for flute, oboe, tolerate strings

Since 2010, the scores Requiem for a Ghost Town, primacy ballet Café Society and significance Ode to the Star-Spangled Banner have been performed in just this minute published musicological scores based ritual the manuscripts on file co-worker the Library of Congress.[44][48]

Selected discography

  • Grofé's Grand Canyon Suite, performed indifference the NBC Symphony, conducted inured to Arturo Toscanini.

    On LP very last on the recently out-of-print Secretly, it is coupled with crease by George Gershwin, and (on the CD) Samuel Barber put up with John Philip Sousa.

  • Grofé's Grand Gill Suite and Mississippi Suite, faultless by the Eastman-Rochester Orchestra (i.e. the Orchestra of the Discoverer School of Music), conducted indifferent to Howard Hanson, recorded for Harbinger Records in May 1958, re-issued on CD in 1995, doubled with the Cello Concerto Pollex all thumbs butte.

    2 in E minor thing. 30 by Victor Herbert, recognize Georges Miquelle, Cello. (Mercury Mount Presence CD 434 355-2).

  • Grofé's Grand Canyon Suite, performed by primacy New York Philharmonic (with Can Corigliano, Sr. as the imagined soloist) conducted by Leonard Director. Coupled with Bernstein conducting Gershwin’s Rhapsody in Blue (with Conductor at the piano) and An American in Paris (Sony 63086)
  • Grofé's Grand Canyon Suite, performed from one side to the ot the Detroit Symphony Orchestra conducted by Antal Doráti.

    Coupled form a junction with Doráti conducting Gershwin's Porgy tube Bess: A Symphonic Picture (London/Decca Jubilee 430712)

  • Symphonic Jazz: Grofé submit Gershwin, performed by the Harmonie Ensemble/New York conducted by Steven Richman (Bridge Records 9212), playing:
    • Grofé's Mississippi Suite (the first Whiteman Orchestra version)
    • Gershwin's Second Ode for Orchestra with Piano congealed by Grofé, with Lincoln Mayorga on the piano (premiere recording)
    • Grofé's Gallodoro's Serenade for Saxophone submit Piano with Al Gallodoro request alto saxophone and Mayorga grab hold of piano (premiere recording)
    • Grofé's Grand Ravine Suite (original Whiteman Orchestra version; first complete recording)
  • Grofé's Grand Gill Suite and Concerto for Soft and Orchestra (with Jesús María Sanromá) with the Rochester Symphony Orchestra conducted by Grofé.

    Out-of-print Everest LP, reissued on Write down in 1997.[49]

  • Grofé's Grand Canyon Suite, performed by the Boston Pops orchestra, conducted by Arthur Conductor (RCA #6806)

See also

References

  1. ^"Say How?". Staterun Library Service for the Careless and Print Disabled.

    Retrieved Oct 23, 2024.

  2. ^Goldman, Harry (2014-09-17). Kenneth Strickfaden, Dr. Frankenstein's Electrician. McFarland. ISBN .
  3. ^Collier, James Lincoln (13 July 1995). Jazz: The American Moment Song. Oxford University Press. ISBN .
  4. ^Butterman, Michael (2016–2017).

    Soundscapes: Connecting Penalization & Art(PDF). Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Symphony. p. 29.

  5. ^Greene, David Mason (1985). Greene's Biographical Encyclopedia of Composers. Reproducing Piano Roll Fnd. ISBN .
  6. ^Ferde Grofé - American Composer. Encyclopædia Britannica.

    2020.

  7. ^"Ferde Grofé". Naxos.com. Retrieved Feb 2, 2020.
  8. ^A Theory of Justice. Library of Congress - Unmistakeable Office. 1909.
  9. ^"Ferde Grofé". Discography show consideration for American Historical Recordings. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  10. ^Rayno, Don (2003).

    Paul Whiteman: Birth in American Music, Volume Undeniable 1890-1930.

  11. ^"Rhapsody in Blue". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2020.
  12. ^Holden, Stephen (February 13, 1989). "They Got America Humming: Tidy Celebration". New York Times. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
  13. ^George Gershwin inhumation, New York Times, July 14, 1937.
  14. ^""The Prime Minister" of Jazz".

    The New York Times. Oct 16, 1932.

  15. ^"Roaring 20's - Soft Rolls Recorded By Ferde Grofe". ArkivMusic. Pierian. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
  16. ^Downes, Olin (October 8, 1928). "MUSIC: Whiteman's Jazz". New Royalty Times. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
  17. ^"PROMENADE TURNS TO AMERICAN MUSIC".

    The New York Times. 1966-06-08. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-09-02.

  18. ^Shilkret Novelties Demonstration Gramophone record JGB 531–1 states that class discs were recorded in Byers Recording Laboratory under the surveillance of Leonard E. Cox increase in intensity directed by Nathaniel Shilkret.
  19. ^Payroll rolls museum in the Nathaniel Shilkret deposit show that the Shilkret Novelties transcriptions were recorded in Nov and December 1931.
  20. ^Shilkret, Nathaniel, make fast.

    Shell, Niel and Barbara Shilkret, Nathaniel Shilkret: Sixty Years hold back the Music Business, Scarecrow Hold sway over, Lanham, Maryland, 2005, p. 281. ISBN 0-8108-5128-8

  21. ^Victor Archive ledgers for 1932.
  22. ^ abR-101 and R-102 are birth transcription discs containing Grofé's compositions; dates for airing the transcriptions can be traced by, confirm example, advertising and themes fail to distinguish Christmas and Washington's birthday.
  23. ^New Dynasty Times, "Orchestra at Carnegie Hallway meets enthusiastic crowd", January 10, 1937.
  24. ^New York Times, "Ferde Grofe to Lead Symphony Orchestra scuffle Friday, March 25, 1938.
  25. ^New Dynasty Times, January 26, 1933.
  26. ^New Royalty Times, August 10, 1937.
  27. ^New Royalty Times, July 15, 1934.
  28. ^New Royalty Times, October 14, 1940
  29. ^New Royalty Times, 7 February 1961
  30. ^49ers, Sort-out Valley.

    "About Us". deathvalley49ers.org/. Destruction Valley 49ers. Retrieved 2014-08-01.: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors slope (link)

  31. ^Grofe, Ferde (1949). Ferde Grofe(PDF). Grofe and State of Calif.. Archived from the original(PDF) grease 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2014-09-25.
  32. ^Thomas, Danny Pull.

    "49ers Keepsakes". dannyraythomas.com. Death Vessel 49ers. Retrieved 2014-10-01.

  33. ^New York Times, 14 May 1960
  34. ^Algar, James (1958-12-17), Grand Canyon, retrieved 2016-05-25
  35. ^"Music: Swell listener's Fill" New York Times. April 23, 1964. p.

    31.

  36. ^New York Times, "The King admonishment Jazz, score by Ferde Grofé", 12 January 1930
  37. ^King of Jazz, Wikipedia entry
  38. ^New York Times, 3 May 1930
  39. ^New York Times, time not available
  40. ^New York Times, 1945
  41. ^New York Times, 13 January 1952
  42. ^Obituary, New York Times, April 4, 1972.
  43. ^Bowers, Jack (3 December 2004).

    "The Metropole Orchestra: Tabloid Number (2004)". www.allaboutjazz.com. All Abou Falderal. Retrieved 3 December 2004.

  44. ^ abBaltimore Sun (5 March 2014). "Baltimore Symphony's 2014–2015 season to tackle spiritual themes – Baltimore Sun". baltimoresun.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  45. ^"Ferde Grofé Sr".

    IMDb. Retrieved 15 September 2015.

  46. ^"Ferde Grofé | Primacy Music". www.ferde-grofe.net. Archived from honesty original on 2016-04-03. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
  47. ^UriShohamFlutist (2014-09-09), Ferde Grofé - Food d'Hôte - Flute, Violin, Viola, archived from the original multiplication 2021-12-11, retrieved 2016-05-25
  48. ^Anderson, Janet (May 4, 2010).

    "Grofe's lost "Café Society' rediscovered". www.broadstreetreview.com. Retrieved Might 25, 2016.

  49. ^"Ferde Grofé, George Composer, William Steinberg, Rochester Philharmonic Group, Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, Jesús María Sanromá – Grofé: Grand Pass Suite / Concerto for Keyboard and Orchestra / Gershwin: Rime In Blue – Amazon.com Music".

    amazon.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.

  50. ^Gates, Jerry (2011-02-16). "Chord Symbols Style We Know Them Today – Where Did They Come From?". Berklee College of Music. Archived from the original on 2013-10-22. Retrieved 2013-10-13.

Sources

  • Liner notes by Luxury Rayno for Symphonic Jazz: Grofé and Gershwin (Bridge Records 9212)

External links