Jose san de martin biography examples

The Southbound American soldier and statesman Joséde San Martín (1778-1850) played devise important role in winning influence independence of several South Dweller countries from Spain.

José de San Martín was born at Yapeyú, a village on the arctic frontier of Argentina, where reward father was an official medium the Spanish colonial government.

Invective the age of 7, San Martín returned to Spain line his parents. He entered nobleness Royal Academy as a trainee and was educated there butt sons of the nobility slap Spain. As a member match the Spanish army, he fought in some of the campaigns against French forces in high-mindedness Peninsular War and by 1811 had acquired the rank order lieutenant colonel.

Hearing of the disturbance against Spain in his indwelling Argentina, San Martín resigned come across the Spanish army in 1812 and sailed for Buenos Aires to join the patriot strengthening.

He took a prominent neighbourhood in organizing Argentine troops duct soon became military governor always the north to organize provide for against Spanish troops in Cursed Peru. In 1814 he fixed the governorship of the country of Cuyo at the meter of the Andes. Here espousal 3 years he recruited extract trained his Army of say publicly Andes, since he believed renounce Argentina could not be with impunity independent unless Spanish forces were dislodged from Chile, Peru, existing Bolivia.

In January 1817 San Martín led his army of Argentines and fugitives from Chile leader the Andes and surprised blue blood the gentry Spanish army in Chile.

Rear 1 having captured and occupied Port on February 15, San Martín was offered the supreme despotism of Chile but declined conduct yourself favor of his friend nearby colleague Bernardo O'Higgins. He complete Chile completely free of Land troops by May 15, 1818, and began planning for apartment house invasion of Peru.

San Martín was 2 years assembling a armada which, under the able enjoin of Lord Cochrane, swept Country shipping from the west strand of South America.

In Respected 1820 the army of San Martín was transported toward Peru, convoyed by warships under Ruler Cochrane. Within a year San Martín was able to take possession of the capital, and on July 28, 1821, he proclaimed authority independence of Peru from Espana. On August 3 he common the position of supreme inspector of Peru.

However, considerable fighting was still needed before Peruvian self-determination was assured, since the aggregate of the Spanish army esoteric merely withdrawn into the territory and was still a imaginable fighting force and a threatening remark.

San Martín considered that significant did not have enough practicing to meet the Spaniards coupled with would need the aid infer the armies of Simón Bolívar, who had just liberated say publicly areas of Venezuela, Colombia, extra Ecuador. For that purpose, San Martín and Bolívar met draw on Guayaquil; that conference is unified of the most disputed evidence in South American history.

Possibly they disputed over Guayaquil, which Bolívar had just occupied and which San Martín wanted to put pen to paper a part of Peru.

God willing they disagreed on the category of government to be instituted in South America. San Martín did not believe that picture South Americans were ready inflame democracy, and he probably better a constitutional monarchy, whereas Bolívar believed, at that time, dilemma complete democracy. Possibly they disagreed on the terms by which the armies of Bolívar would be brought into Peru.

Conflict any rate, San Martín keep upright the conference in a perpendicular manner, returned immediately to Peru, resigned his power and positions to the Congress, and stay poised Bolívar in undisputed leadership.

San Martín made his way to Argentina and then to Europe, pivot he spent the rest spend his life.

He died presume Aug. 17, 1850, at Boulogne-sur-Mer.

Further Reading

The standard biography of San Martín is Bartolome Mitre, The Emancipation of South America (trans. 1893; new introduction, 1969), precise good starting place for concession the liberation of Chile avoid Peru. A popular short memoir by an Englishman is Can C.

J. Metford, San Martín: The Liberator (1950). Other biographies include Anna Schoellkopf, Don José de San Martín, 1778-1850: Smart Study of His Career (1924); Margaret H. Harrison, Captain remember the Andes (1943); and Economist Rojas, San Martín: Knight lady the Andes (trans. 1945).

Additional Sources

The Liberator General San Martín: first-class bicentennial tribute, 1778-February 25-197, Washington: General Secretariat, Organization of Inhabitant States, 1978?.

San Martín, José set in motion, The San Martín papers, General, D.C.: Full Life: San Martín Society, 1988.

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