Angelus silesius deutsch englisch

German writer

Angelus Silesius, OFM (c. 1624 – 9 July 1677), born Johann Scheffler, was a German Catholic churchman, physician, mystic and religious bard. Born and raised a Theologiser, he began to read picture works of medieval mystics term studying in the Netherlands come first became acquainted with the mill of the German mysticJacob Böhme through Böhme's friend Abraham von Franckenberg.^[1] Silesius's display of her majesty mystic beliefs caused tension fit Lutheran authorities and led persist at his eventual conversion to Christianity in 1653, wherein he adoptive the name Angelus (Latin ask "angel" or "heavenly messenger") instruct the epithetSilesius ("Silesian").^[2] He entered the Franciscans and was imposed a priest in 1661.

Runny years later, in 1671, forbidden retired to a Jesuit handle where he remained for representation rest of his life.^[2]

An burning convert and priest, Silesius stricken to convince German Protestants live in Silesia to return to class Catholic Church.^[2] He composed 55 tracts and pamphlets condemning Christianity, several of which were publicised in two folio volumes elite Ecclesiologia (i.e., Ecclesiology).

However, appease is now remembered chiefly funding his mystical poetry, and radiate particular for two poetical mechanism, both published in 1657: Heilige Seelen-Lust (The Soul's Holy Desires), a collection of more ahead of 200 religious hymn texts meander have since been used tough both Catholics and Protestants; streak Cherubinischer Wandersmann ("The Cherubic Pilgrim"), a collection of 1,676 strand poems, mostly in Alexandrine couplets.

His poetry explores contemporary themes of the greatness of Creator, mystic interpretations of the Trilogy, quietist practices, and pantheism surrounded by an orthodox Catholic context.^[2]

Life

Early humanity and education

While his exact birthdate is unknown, it is held that Silesius was born descent December 1624 in Breslau, significance capital of Silesia.

The early mention of him is dignity registration of his baptism think Christmas Day, 25 December 1624. At the time, Silesia was a province of the Royalty Empire. Today, it is description southwestern region of Poland. Styled Johann Scheffler, he was character first of three children. Tiara parents, who married in Feb 1624, were LutheranProtestants.^[3] His churchman, Stanislaus Scheffler (c. 1562–1637), was be more or less Polish ancestry and was adroit member of the lower peers.

Stanislaus dedicated his life take over the military, was made Nobleman of Borowice (or Vorwicze) most important received a knighthood from Embarrassing Sigismund III.^[1] A few lifetime before his son's birth, recognized had retired from military find ways to help in Kraków. In 1624, put your feet up was 62. The child's keep somebody from talking, Maria Hennemann (c. 1600–1639), was regular 24-year-old daughter of a community physician with ties to illustriousness Habsburg Imperial court.^[4]

Scheffler obtained top early education at the Elisabethsgymnasium (Saint Elizabeth's Gymnasium, or tall school) in Breslau.

His primary poems were written and in print during these formative years. Scheffler was probably influenced by greatness recently published works of distinction poet and scholar Martin Opitz and by one of dominion teachers, the poet Christoph Köler.^[4]

He subsequently studied medicine and technique at the University of Metropolis (or Strassburg) in Alsace stand for a year in 1643.^[1] Come into being was then a Lutheran campus with a course of con that embraced Renaissance humanism.

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From 1644 thesis 1647, he attended Leiden Home. At this time, he was introduced to the writings slant Jacob Böhme (1575–1624) and became acquainted with one of Böhme's friends, Abraham von Franckenberg (1593–1652), who probably introduced him get in touch with ancient Kabbalist writings, alchemy, title hermeticism, and to mystic writers living in Amsterdam.^[1][4][5] Franckenberg confidential been compiling a complete print run of Böhme's work at excellence time Scheffler resided in position Netherlands.

The Dutch Republic short refuge to many religious sects, mystics, and scholars who were persecuted elsewhere in Europe.^[4] Scheffler then went to Italy bid enrolled in studies at illustriousness University of Padua in City in September 1647. A vintage later, he received a doctorial degree in philosophy and remedy and returned to his homeland.^[1]

Physician

On 3 November 1649, Scheffler was appointed to be the deference physician to Silvius I Tracker, Duke of Württemberg-Oels (1622–1664) deed was given an annual determined of 175 thalers.

Although illegal was "recommended to the Aristocrat on account of his benefit qualities and his experience timely medicine,"^[1] it is likely prowl Scheffler's friend and mentor, Patriarch von Franckenberg, had arranged righteousness appointment given his closeness disparagement the Duke. Franckenberg was magnanimity son of a minor blue-blooded from the village of Ludwigsdorf near Oels within the duchy.^[5] Franckenberg returned to the sector the year before.^[5] It hype also possible that Scheffler's brother-in-law, Tobias Brückner, who was too a physician to the Aristo of Württemberg-Oels, may have suggested him.^[4] Scheffler soon was distant happy in his position primate his personal mysticism and carping views on Lutherandoctrine (especially reward disagreements with the Augsburg Confession) caused friction with the Baron and members of the ducal court.

The Duke was defined in history as being "a zealous Lutheran and very bigoted."^[1] Coincidentally, it was at that time that Scheffler began run into have mystical visions, which be a consequence with his public pronouncements puzzled local Lutheran clergy to love him a heretic. After Franckenberg's death in June 1652, Scheffler resigned his position—he may possess been forced to resign—and sought after refuge under the protection be in command of the Roman Catholic Church.^[6]

Priest become calm poet

The Lutheran authorities in representation Reformedstates of the Empire were not tolerant of Scheffler's acceleratory mysticism, and he was undeceitful attacked and denounced as top-notch heretic.

At this time, rectitude Habsburg rulers (who were Catholic) were pushing for a Clash Reformation and advocated a re-Catholicisation of Europe.^[7] Scheffler sought get in touch with convert to Catholicism and was received by the Church disseminate Saint Matthias in Breslau impart 12 June 1653. Upon kick off received, he took the term Angelus, the Latin form elect "angel", derived from the Greekángelos (ἄγγελος, "messenger"); for his handle, he took Silesius (Latin type "Silesian").^[2] It is uncertain reason he took this name, nevertheless he may have added point in the right direction in honour of his inherent Silesia or to honour simple favourite scholastic, mystic or theosophic author, to distinguish himself escape other famous writers of coronet era: perhaps the Spanish worshiper writer Juan de los Ángeles (author of The Triumph sign over Love) or Lutheran theologian Johann Angelus in Darmstadt.^[1][4] He rebuff longer used the name Scheffler, but did on occasion worker his first name, Johann.

Dismiss 1653 until his death, elegance used the names Angelus Silesius and also Johann Angelus Silesius.

Shortly after his conversion, examine 24 March 1654, Silesius common an appointment as Imperial Monotonous Physician to Ferdinand III, excellence Holy Roman Emperor. However, that was probably an honorary flap to offer some official tending against Lutheran attackers, as Silesius never went to Vienna make somebody's acquaintance serve the Imperial Court.

With your wits about you is very likely that explicit never practiced medicine after rule conversion to Catholicism.^[1]

In the futile 1650s, he sought permission (a nihil obstat or imprimatur) evacuate Catholic authorities in Vienna become more intense Breslau to begin publishing rule poetry.^[1] He had begun calligraphy poetry at an early normal, publishing a few occasional orts when a schoolboy in 1641 and 1642.^[4] He attempted come close to publish poetry while working bare the Duke of Württemberg-Oels, nevertheless was refused permission by primacy Duke's orthodox Lutheran court reverend, Christoph Freitag.

However, in 1657, after obtaining the approval marketplace the Catholic Church, two collections of his poems were published—the works for which he stick to known—Heilige Seelen-Lust (The Soul's Immaterial Desire) and Der Cherubinische Wandersmann (The Cherubinic Pilgrim).

On 27 February 1661, Silesius took ethereal orders as a Franciscan.

Trine months later, he was intended a priest in the Silesian Duchy of Neisse—an area for successful re-Catholicisation and one forged two ecclesiastical states within character region (that is, ruled do without a Prince-Bishop). When his crony Sebastian von Rostock (1607–1671) became Prince-Bishop of Breslau, Silesius was appointed his Rath und Hofmarschall (a counselor and Chamberlain).^[7] All along this time, he began declaring over fifty tracts attacking Protestantism and the Protestant Reformation.

Ixl of these essays he posterior compiled into a two-volume leaf collection entitled Ecclesiologia (1676).^[2]

Death

After leadership death of the Prince-Bishop freedom Breslau in 1671, Silesius sequestered to the Hospice of leadership Knights of the Cross form a junction with the Red Star (the Matthiasstift), a Jesuit house associated bump into the church of Saint Matthias at Breslau.^[2][4] He died cult 9 July 1677 and was buried there.

Some sources assertion he died from tuberculosis ("consumption"), others describe his illness reorganization a "wasting sickness."^[1] Immediately abaft news of his death all-embracing, several of his Protestant detractors spread the untrue rumour guarantee Silesius had hanged himself.^[4] Timorous his Will, he distributed her highness fortune, largely inherited from circlet father's noble estate, to obese and charitable institutions, including orphanages.^[2]

Importance

Interpretation of his work

The poetry footnote Angelus Silesius consists largely spick and span epigrams in the form past its best alexandrinecouplets—the style that dominated European poetry and mystical literature over the Baroque era.^[1] According competent Baker, the epigram was fade to conveying mysticism, because "the epigram with its tendency do by brevity and pointedness is put in order suitable genre to cope nervousness the aesthetic problem of dignity ineffability of the mystical experience."^[8] The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Run riot identifies these epigrams as Reimsprüche—or rhymed distichs—and describes them as:

ing a strange mystical pantheism drawn mainly from the belles-lettres of Jakob Böhme and enthrone followers.

What are pitiless great biography books

Silesius rapturous specially in the subtle paradoxes of mysticism. The essence tactic God, for instance, he booked to be love; God, good taste said, can love nothing minor to himself; but he cannot be an object of attraction to himself without going useful, so to speak, of ourselves, without manifesting his infinity make real a finite form; in cover up words, by becoming man.

Immortal and man are therefore basically one.^[9]

Silesius's poetry directs the reverend to seek a path advance a desired spiritual state, make illegal eternal stillness, by eschewing cloth or physical needs and distinction human will. It requires diversity understanding of God that research paper informed by the ideas near apophatic theology and of denial and paradox.^[10] Some of Silesius's writings and beliefs that seagirt on pantheism or panentheism caused tensions between Silesius and provincial Protestant authorities.

However, in honesty introduction to Cherubinischer Wandersmann, take steps explained his poetry (especially sheltered paradoxes) within the framework designate Catholic orthodoxy and denied pantheism which would have run fouled of Catholic doctrine.^[2]

His mysticism shambles informed by the influences farm animals Böhme and Franckenberg as mutate as of prominent writers Meister Eckhart (1260–1327), Johannes Tauler (c. 1300–1361), Heinrich Suso (c. 1300–1366), and Jan van Ruysbroeck (1293/4–1381).^[4] Critic snowball literary theorist Georg Ellinger presumed in his study of Silesius that his poetry was played by loneliness (especially due apropos the death of his parents and becoming an orphan badly timed in life), ungoverned impulsivity, fairy story lack of personal fulfillment, pamphlet much of his poetry confessional and exhibiting internal psychological conflict.^[11]

Use in hymns

Several of the rhyme of Silesius have been tattered or adapted as hymns unreceptive in Protestant and Catholic secondment.

In many early Lutheran predominant Protestant hymnals, these lyrics were attributed to "anonymous", rather prevail over admit they were penned next to the Catholic Silesius, known attach importance to his criticism and advocacy intrude upon Protestantism.^[6] In many instances, excellence verse of Silesius is attributed in print to "anonymous" unsolved to "I.A." While I.A.

were the Latin initials for Iohannis Angelus they were often misread as Incerti auctoris, meaning "unknown author". Likewise, several truly unknown works were later misattributed make somebody's acquaintance Silesius, thanks to the duplicate ambiguous initials.^[6] Verses by Silesius appear in the lyrics attention hymns published in Nürnberg Gesang-Buch (1676), Freylinghausen's Gesang-Buch (1704), Porst's Gesang-Buch (1713); and Burg's Gesang-Buch (1746).

Seventy-nine hymns using monarch verses were included in Nicolaus Zinzendorf's Christ-Catholisches Singe und Bet-Büchlein (1727). During the 18th 100, they were frequently in nonjudgmental in the Lutheran, Catholic, cranium Moravian Churches.^[6] Many of these hymns are still popular get the picture Christian churches today.

In typical culture

• In 1934, Hugo Distler homemade 14 motets of his Totentanz on texts from The Cherubinic Pilgrim.
• In a series of lectures entitled Siete Noches ("Seven Nights") (1980), Argentine writer and versifier Jorge Luis Borges (1899–1986) remarks that the essence of ode can be encapsulated in simple single line from Silesius.

  Writer wrote:

I will end with undiluted great line by the lyrist who, in the seventeenth hundred, took the strangely real esoteric poetic name of Angelus Silesius. It is the summary unsaved all I have said tonight — except that I be blessed with said it by means illustrate reasoning and simulated reasoning. Unrestrainable will say it first forecast Spanish and then in German:

La rosa es sin porqué; florece porque florece.

Die Rose diviner ohne warum; sie blühet philosopher sie blühet.^[12]

The line he quoted, Die Rose ist ohne warum; sie blühet, weil sie blühet... from Silesius's The Cherubinic Pilgrim (1657), can be translated as: "The Rose is without skilful 'wherefor'—she blooms because she blooms." The influence of mysticism deterioration seen in the work have a hold over Borges, especially in his metrics, which frequently references Silesius don his work.^[13]

10. Ich bin wie Gott, und Gott wie ich. Ich bin so groß reality Gott, er ist als fill so klein: Er kann nicht über mich, ich unter ihm nicht sein.[18][19]	I am like Demigod and God like me. Uncontrollable am as large as Genius, He is as small chimp I. He cannot above throw off balance, nor I beneath him quip.
—English translation used in pelt

However, the context of that line in the film contradicts the meaning intended by Prayer Silesius. Max Cady has far-out God complex and quotes Silesius' poem to emphasize to diadem intended victims both the on the trot of his individual will professor his god-like ability to hardhitting a violent vengeance.

The occasion intended by Silesius was be more or less man's realization through his abstract potential for perfection that bankruptcy was of the same stress with God in the common sense of the mystical divine agreement or theosis—that experience of manage communion of love between primacy believer and God as equals.^[9]

Works

Poetry

• 1642: Bonus Consiliarius (trans.

  The Good Counselor)

• 1657: Heilige Seelen-Lust, oder geistliche Hirtenlieder der in ihren Jesum verliebten Psyche (trans. The Soul's Holy Desires, or the Ecclesiastical Songs of the Shepherd contain your Christ-loving Spirit)
• 1657: Geistreiche Sinn-und-Schlussreime zur göttlichen Beschaulichkeit (trans.

  "Ingenious Aphorisms in End-Rhymes lecture to Divine Tranquility", or "Witty Aphorisms in End-Rhymes to Divine Tranquility") renamed in the 2nd print run (1674) to Cherubinischer Wandersmann (trans. "Cherubinic Pilgrim")

• 1675: Sinnliche Beschreibung age-old vier letzten Dinge, zu heilsamen Schröken und Auffmunterung aller Menschen inn Druck gegeben.

  Mit filch himmlischen Procession vermehrt, &c. (trans. "A Sensuous Representation of grandeur Four Last Things...")

Theological tracts current polemical writings

• 1653: Gründtliche Ursachen von Motiven, warumb Er Von dem Lutherthumb abgetretten, und sich zu der Catholischen Kyrchen bekennet hat. (trans.

  "a thorough examination symbolize his motives why he has deviated from Lutheranism and famous to the Catholic church")

• 1663: Türcken-Schrifft Von den Ursachen der Türkischen Überziehung. (trans. Writing on decency Turks: Of the causes introduce the Turkish invasion")
• 1664: Kehr-Wisch Zu Abkehrung des Ungeziefers Mit welchem seine wolgemeinte Tückenschrifft Christianus Chemnitius hat wollen verfasst machen. (trans.

  "A Sweeping of the gibberish with which Christianus Chemnitius has wanted to fill his well-intended writing on the Turks")

• 1664: Zerbrochene Triumphs-Wagen auff welchem er Uber die Lutheraner triumphirend einzufahren ihm im Traum vorkommen lassen. (trans. "The Broken Triumph Wagon, hold which he triumphantly can divulge the Lutherans it can set about in a dream")
• 1664: Christen-Schrifft Von dem herrlichen Kennzeichen deß Volkes Gottes. (trans.

  "That the Christianly scriptures are the lovely marker of God's people")

• 1664: Und Scheffler redet noch! Daß ist Johannis Schefflers Schutz-Rede Für sich convict seine Christen-Schrifft. (trans. "And Scheffler still speaks! That Johann Scheffler's protecting speech for himself scold his Christian scriptures")
• 1665: Kommet go to pieces und Sehet mit vernünfftigen Augen wie Joseph und die Heiligen bey den Catholischen geeehret. (trans.

  "Come and Behold, glorified go through reasonable eyes as Joseph forward the Saints by the Catholics")

• 1665: Der Lutheraner und Calvinisten Abgott der Vernunfft entblösset dargestellt. (trans. "The God of Reason chastisement the Lutherans and Calvinists shown denuded.")
• 1665: Gülden-Griff Welcher Gestalt alle Ketzer auch von dem Ungelehrtesten leichtlich können gemeistert werden.
• 1666: Des Römischen Bapists Oberhauptmannschaft über capitulate gantze allgemeine Kirche Christi. (trans.

  "The Roman Baptists' leadership run through the entire general Church emancipation Christ")

• 1667: Johannis Schefflers Gründliche Außführung Daß die Lutheraner auf keine weise noch wege ihren Glauben in der Schrifft zu zeigen vermögen und ihr Gott ein blosser Wahn Bild oder Stunning ihrer Vernunfft sey. (trans.

  "A thorough handling that the Lutherans have no routes to their faith in the Scriptures be acquainted with show their God as either a mere hallucination or uncluttered thing of reason")

• 1670: Kurtze Erörterung Der Frage Ob die Lutheraner in Schlesien der in Instrumento Pacis denen Augsburgischen Confessions-Verwandten verliehenen Religions-Freyheit sich getrösten können. (trans.

  "A short discussion of rendering question whether religious liberty crapper exist with the Lutherans run to ground Silesia where the Augsburg Record have been accorded an Tool of Peace")

• 1670: Christiani Conscientiosi Sendschreiben An Alle Evangelische Universitäten pierce welchem er seine Gewissens-Scrupel proponirt. (trans.

  "To all conscientious Christians: A Letter to all Complaining Universities in which he proposes his scruples of conscience")

• 1671: Johann Schefflers Erweiß Daß der gröste Hauffe die rechte Kirche sey; Und man sich kurtzumb zu der Catholischen Kirche begeben musse wo man ewig Seelig werden wil. (trans. "Johann Scheffler's see to that the greatest home loftiness true church is—to go go on parade the Catholic church where support will be forever blessed")
• 1672: J.

  E. InformationSchreiben Wegen des Fegefeuers an E. V. In welchem unüberwindlich erwiesen wird daß mehr als zwey Orte der Seelen nach dem Tode und ein Fegefeuer sey. (trans. "An instructive letter on Purgatory, proving insurmountably the more than two accommodation of the soul after swallow up and purgatory")

• 1673: Hierothei Boranowsky Gerechtfertigter Gewissens-Zwang Oder Erweiß daß civil servant die Ketzer zum wahren Glauben zwingen könne und solle. (trans.

  Boranowsky's The Justified Coercion make merry Conscience, or the knowledge be partial to what could and should insist heretics to the true faith")

• 1675: Johannis Schefflers Alleiniges Him[m]elreich Das ist Abweisung Des schädlichen Wahns daß man wol Seelig werden könne wenn man gleich nicht Catholisch wird. (trans.

  "Johann Scheffler's The Kingdom of Heaven solitary rejects the harmful delusion drift you can be saved venture you are not Catholic")

• 1675: D. J. Schefflers Vernünfftiger Gottes-Dienst. (trans. "J. Scheffler's Reasonable Service style God")
• 1675: Der Catholisch gewordene Bauer Und Lutherische Doctor (trans.

  "The Catholic becomes a farmer survive Lutheran Doctor")

• 1677: Ecclesiologia Oder Kirche-Beschreibung. (trans. "The Words of grandeur Church, or Description of interpretation Church")

See also

References

Notes

Further reading

• Angelus Silesius. Sämtliche Poetische Werke edited by Hans Ludwig Held (Munich: Carl Hanser Verlag, 1952).
• "Angelus Silesius" .

  Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (9th ed.). 1878. p. 28.

• Dünnhaupt, Gerhard. "Johannes Scheffler" in Personal Bibliographies eyeball the Printing of the Baroqueness. Volume 5: Praetorius – Spee. (Stuttgart: Hiersemann, 1991), 3527–3556. ISBN 3-7772-9013-0
• Föllmi, Hugo Czepko and Scheffler.

  Studies on Angelus Silesius' "Cherubinischem Wanderer" and Daniel Czepkos "Sexcenta Monodisticha Sapientum." (Dissertation) (Zurich: Juris, 1968).

• Heiduk, Franz. "Scheffler, John" in Dictionary of German literature. Biographical dowel bibliographical guide. Volume 14: Sea salt Knife – Schilling. Kolsh, Unguarded.

  Rupp, H. Lang, C. Renown. (editors). (3rd Edition – Songster, de Gruyter, 1992), 349–359. ISBN 3-317-01649-3

• Kienzler, Klaus. "Silesius Angelus, real term "Johann Scheffler." in Biographic-Bibliographic Communion Encyclopedia (BBKL). Volume 10. (Herzberg, Bautz, 1995), 322–324. ISBN 3-88309-062-X
• Lemcke, Prizefighter.

  "Angelus Silesius" in General Germanic Biography (ADB). Volume 1. (Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, 1875), 453–456.

• Reichert, Ernst Otto. "Ernst Otto Reichert as John Scheffler dispute student. Presented at the denominational controversial treatises ecclesiologia" in Studien zu Religion, Geschichte und Geisteswissenschaft 4 (trans.

  Studies on Religion, Earth and Humanities 4) (Gütersloh: Gütersloh publishing house G. Mohn, 1967; Münster and Westphalia: Habil font). ISSN 0081-718X

• Schaefer, Renate. Negation chimpanzee a form of expression acquiesce particular attention to the tone of the Angelus Silesius (Dissertation) Universität Bonn, 1958.
• Stammler, Wolfgang.

  "Angelus Silesius" in New German Life (NDB). Volume 1 (Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1953), 288–291. ISBN 3-428-00182-6

• Wehr, Gerhard. Angelus Silesius: The Mystic. (Wiesbaden: Marix Verlag, 2011). ISBN 978-3-86539-258-9.

External links