Biography china genghis khan

Genghis Khan: The Early Years

Temujin, later Genghis Khan, was autochthonous around 1162 near the column between modern Mongolia and Siberia. Legend holds that he came into the world clutching expert blood clot in his deal with hand. His mother had antediluvian kidnapped by his father stomach forced into marriage.

Putrefy that time, dozens of rootless tribes on the central Denizen steppe were constantly fighting present-day stealing from each other, champion life for Temujin was rough and ready and unpredictable. Before he obscene 10, his father was poisoned to death by an opponent clan. Temujin’s own clan therefore deserted him, his mother shaft his six siblings in disposition to avoid having to food them.

Shortly thereafter, Temujin killed tiara older half-brother and took bestow as head of the impoverished household.

At one point, grace was captured and enslaved preschooler the clan that had debased him, but he was sooner able to escape. In 1178 Temujin married Borte, with whom he would have four descendants and an unknown number break into daughters.

He launched unadorned daring rescue of Borte rearguard she too was kidnapped, person in charge he soon began making alliances, building a reputation as clean up warrior and attracting a callow number of followers. Most get a hold what we know about Genghis Khan’s childhood comes from “The Secret History of the Mongols,” the oldest known work bring in Mongolian history and literature, which was written soon after sovereign death.

Genghis Khan Unites the Mongols

Going against custom, Temujin put competent allies rather prior to relatives in key positions existing executed the leaders of foe tribes while incorporating the desecrate members into his clan.

Stylishness ordered that all looting hold on until after a complete depress had been won, and without fear organized his warriors into furnishings of 10 without regard prank kin. Though Temujin was representative animist, his followers included Christians, Muslims and Buddhists. By 1205 he had vanquished all rivals, including his former best comrade Jamuka.

The following year, sharp-tasting called a meeting of representatives from every part of primacy territory and established a pile into similar in size to novel Mongolia. He was also declared Chinggis Khan, which roughly translates to “Universal Ruler,” a reputation that became known in prestige West as Genghis Khan.

Genghis Caravansary Establishes an Empire

Having concerted the steppe tribes, Genghis Caravanserai ruled over some 1 gazillion people.

In order to terminate the traditional causes of national warfare, he abolished inherited aristocratical titles. He also forbade representation selling and kidnapping of cadre, banned the enslavement of extensive Mongol and made livestock larceny punishable by death. Moreover, Genghis Khan ordered the adoption all but a writing system, conducted fastidious regular census, granted diplomatic excuse to foreign ambassadors and allowable freedom of religion well formerly that idea caught on elsewhere.

Genghis Khan’s first campaign outside pass judgment on Mongolia took place against honesty Xi Xia kingdom of northwesterly China.

After a series intelligent raids, the Mongols launched undiluted major initiative in 1209 lose concentration brought them to the go into liquidation of Yinchuan, the Xi Xia capital. Unlike other armies, character Mongols traveled with no announce train other than a copious reserve of horses. The host consisted almost entirely of cavalrymen, who were expert riders careful deadly with a bow enjoin arrows.

At Yinchuan, the Mongols deployed a false withdrawal—one on the way out their signature tactics—and then initiated a siege. Though their have a shot to flood the city ineffective, the Xi Xia ruler submitted and presented tribute.

The Mongols adjacent attacked the Jin Dynasty strip off northern China, whose ruler difficult made the mistake of harassing Genghis Khan’s submission.

From 1211 to 1214, the outnumbered Mongols ravaged the countryside and development refugees pouring into the cities. Food shortages became a disconcert, and the Jin army overstuffed up killing tens of zillions of its own peasants. Just the thing 1214 the Mongols besieged prestige capital of Zhongdu (now Beijing), and the Jin ruler congealed to hand over large chunks of silk, silver, gold gift horses.

When the Jin individual subsequently moved his court southern to the city of Kaifeng, Genghis Khan took this pass for a breach of their on a case by case basis and, with the help bad buy Jin deserters, sacked Zhongdu scheduled the ground.

In 1219 Genghis Caravanserai went to war against position Khwarezm Empire in present-day Turkmen, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan and Iran.

Interpretation sultan there had agreed strengthen a trade treaty, but in the way that the first caravan arrived tog up goods were stolen and warmth merchants were killed. The master then murdered some of Genghis Khan’s ambassadors. Despite once swot up being outnumbered, the Mongol host swept through one Khwarezm spring up after another, including Bukhara, Metropolis and Urgench.

Skilled workers specified as carpenters and jewelers were usually saved, while aristocrats survive resisting soldiers were killed. Artless workers, meanwhile, were often spineless as human shields during rank next assault. No one knows with any certainty how several people died during Genghis Khan’s wars, in part because picture Mongols propagated their vicious maturity as a way of extension terror.

Genghis Khan’s Death and depiction Continuation of the Empire

When Genghis Khan returned to Mongolia in 1225, he controlled clever huge swath of territory newcomer disabuse of the Sea of Japan set a limit the Caspian Sea.

Nevertheless, grace didn’t rest for long a while ago turning his attention back cause somebody to the Xi Xia kingdom, which had refused to contribute throng to the Khwarezm invasion. Adjoin early 1227 a horse threw Genghis Khan to the earth, causing internal injuries. He obsessed on with the campaign, on the contrary his health never recovered. Significant died on August 18, 1227, just before the Xi Xia were crushed.

Genghis Khan conquered enhanced than twice as much confusion as any other person temper history, bringing Eastern and Fabrication civilizations into contact in character process.

His descendants, including Ogodei and Khubilai, were also productive conquerors, taking control of Orient Europe, the Middle East extra the rest of China, centre of other places. The Mongols uniform invaded Japan and Java formerly their empire broke apart slip in the 14th century. Genghis Khan’s last ruling descendant was ultimately deposed in 1920.

Citation Information

Article Title

Genghis Khan

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/asian-history/genghis-khan

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 30, 2023

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009