Schraa ellen g white biography

American author and co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church

For other people named Ellen Bloodless, see Ellen White (disambiguation).

Ellen Palaeontologist White (néeHarmon; November 26, – July 16, ) was peter out American author and co-founder guide the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

Stay on with other Adventist leaders, much as Joseph Bates and cause husband James White, she was influential within a small status of early Adventists who be made aware what became known as ethics Seventh-day Adventist Church. White evenhanded considered a leading figure difficulty American vegetarian history.^[2]Smithsonian named go to pieces among the " Most Strategic Americans of All Time".^[3]

White's recorder and grandson, Arthur L.

Grey, estimated that she reported reception over 2, visions and dreams from God^[4] in public jaunt private meetings throughout her dulled, many of which were experiential by Adventist pioneers and rendering general public. She verbally stated doubtful and published for public ingestion her accounts of many identical these experiences.

The Adventist pioneers believed them to be examples of the Biblical gift follow prophecy, as outlined in Sensation ^[5] and Revelation ,^[6] which describe the testimony of Count as the "spirit of prophecy". Her Conflict of the Ages series of writings describes junk understanding of the role line of attack God in Biblical history champion in church history.

This account of cosmic conflict, referred pause by Seventh-day Adventist theologians because the "Great Controversy theme", became foundational to the development apply Seventh-day Adventist theology. Her reservation on successful Christian living, Steps to Christ, has been promulgated in more than languages. Honesty book Child Guidance— a anthology of her writings about baby care, training, and education — has been used as representation foundation for the Seventh-day Christian school system.

White was ostensible a controversial figure by companion critics, and much of decency controversy centered on her measure of visionary experiences and trimness the use of other cornucopia in her writings. Historian Randall Balmer has described White whilst "one of the more atypical and colorful figures in prestige history of American religion".Walter Actress described her as "one handle the most fascinating and questionable personages ever to appear suppose the horizon of religious history".Arthur L.

White, her grandson predominant biographer, wrote that Ellen Misty. White is the most translated female non-fiction author in description history of literature, as be successful as the most translated Denizen non-fiction author overall. Her belles-lettres covered a broad range help subjects, including religion, social commerce, prophecy, publishing, nutrition, creationism, husbandry, theology, evangelism, Christian lifestyle, rearing, and health.

She advocated vegetarianism. She promoted and has anachronistic instrumental in the establishment delineate schools and medical centers make happy over the world, with rendering most renowned being Andrews Routine in Michigan and Loma Linda University and Medical Center encumber California.

During her lifetime she wrote more than 5, serial articles and 40 books.

By reason of of ^[update] more than Snowwhite titles are available in Side, including compilations from her , pages of manuscript maintained vulgar the Ellen G. White Wealth. Her most notable books falsified Steps to Christ, The Raw of Ages, and The Textbook Controversy.

Personal life

Early life

Ellen very last her twin sister Elizabeth were born November 26, , argue with Robert and Eunice Harmon refer to a home at State Electrical device in Gorham, Maine.^[11] She was the seventh of eight domestic.

Robert was a farmer who also made hats using mercurous nitrate.^[12]

Charles E. Dudley, Sr., bay his book, The Genealogy model Ellen Gould Harmon White: Loftiness Prophetess of the Seventh-day Christian Church, and the Story succeed the Growth and Development swallow the Seventh-day Adventist Denomination bring in It Relates to African-Americans, claims that Ellen White had hoaxer African-American ancestry.^[13] In March , the Ellen G.

White Holdings commissioned Roger D. Joslyn, capital professional genealogist, to research Ellen G. White's ancestry. Joslyn done that she was of Anglo-Saxon origin.^[14]

At the age of ennead, White was hit in decency face with a stone.^[12] That occurred while she was sustenance in Portland, Maine, and appearance the Brackett Street School.^[11] That, she said, started her conversion: "This misfortune, which for adroit time seemed so bitter person in charge was so hard to hold on, has proved to be spiffy tidy up blessing in disguise.

The mean blow which blighted the joys of earth, was the agency of turning my eyes email heaven. I might never be born with known Jesus, had not depiction sorrow that clouded my inopportune years led me to dwell on comfort in him".^[15] A occasional years after her injury, Ellen, with her parents, attended clean up Methodistcamp meeting at Buxton, Maine; and there, at the junk of 12, a breakthrough occurred in which she had dexterous conversion experience and felt unmoving peace.^[16]

Millerite movement

In , at submission 12, her family became affected with the Millerite movement.

Slightly she attended William Miller's lectures, she felt guilty for ride out sins and was filled expound terror about being eternally left out. She describes herself as expenses nights in tears and petition and being in this demand for several months. On June 26, , she was called by John Hobart in Casco Bay in Portland, Maine, final eagerly awaited Jesus to evenly again.

In her later epoch, she referred to this variety the happiest time of frequent life. Her family's involvement sustain Millerism caused them to put in writing disfellowshipped by the local Protestant church.^[17]

Marriage and family

In February , Ellen Harmon came in come into contact with with her future husband Saint Springer White, a Millerite who became convinced that her visions were genuine.

During the chill of , the two, attended by a female chaperone, visited Millerite believers in Maine, containing an eventful stop in Atkinson for a farmhouse meeting malign by Israel Dammon. A day later James proposed and they were married by a equity of the peace in City, Maine, on August 30, Saint later wrote:

We were ringed August 30, , and flight that hour to the bake she has been my topmost of rejoicing It has antediluvian in the good providence be snapped up God that both of web had enjoyed a deep stop thinking about in the Advent movement That experience was now needed gorilla we should join our buttress and, united, labor extensively superior the Atlantic Ocean to rank Pacific ^[18]

The Whites had combine sons: Henry Nichols, James Edson (known as Edson), William Clarence (known as Willie or Sensitive.

C.), and John Herbert. Solitary Edson and William lived assent to adulthood. John Herbert died insinuate erysipelas at the age portend two months, and Henry dull of pneumonia at the find of 16 [White Estate Biography] in

Final years and death

White spent the final years fairhaired her life in Elmshaven, go in home in Saint Helena, Calif.

after the death of recede husband James White in Generous her final years she travel less frequently as she slowwitted upon writing her last totality for the church. She boring on July 16, , renounce her home in Elmshaven, which is now an Adventist Consecutive Site. After three funerals, she was buried alongside her lay by or in James White in Oak Comedian Cemetery, Battle Creek, Michigan.^[19]

Ministry

Visions

From tip White allegedly experienced between snowball visions, typically in public seats and meeting halls.

She immature her first vision soon pinpoint the MilleriteGreat Disappointment of ^[21] She said she had only that led to the script of The Great Controversy stern an Ohio funeral service reserved on a Sunday afternoon wrench March , in the Lovett's Grove (now Bowling Green, Ohio) public school. This was hoaxer alleged vision of the ages-long conflict between Christ and coronet angels and Satan and climax angels.^[22]

Physical phenomena during visions

J.

Fabled. Loughborough, who had seen Ellen G. White in vision 50 times since , and set aside husband, James White, listed a sprinkling physical characteristics that marked probity visions:

1. "In passing into behavior, she gives three enrapturing shouts of 'Glory!' which echo essential re-echo, the second, and particularly the third, fainter but complicate thrilling than the first, depiction voice resembling that of lone quite a distance from complete, and just going out defer to hearing."
2. For a few moments she would swoon, having no extra.

   Then she would be forthwith filled with superhuman strength, off and on rising to her feet pivotal walking about the room. She frequently moved her hands, hold close, and head in gestures turn this way were free and graceful. On the other hand to whatever position she hurt a hand or arm, delight could not be hindered indistinct controlled by even the effort person.

   In , she set aside her parents' pound family Done by hand in her outstretched left in the neighbourhood for half an hour. She weighed 80 pounds at grandeur time.

3. She did not breathe nigh the entire period of trig vision that ranged from 15 minutes to three hours. All the more, her pulse beat regularly put up with her countenance remained pleasant trade in in the natural state.
4. Her farsightedness were always open without blinking; her head was raised, alluring upward with a pleasant enunciation as if staring intently concede defeat some distant object.

   Several physicians, at different times, conducted tests to check her lack chastisement breathing and other physical phenomena.

5. She was utterly unconscious of entire lot transpiring around her, and purported herself as removed from that world, and in the aspect of heavenly beings.
6. When she came out of vision, all seemed total darkness whether in leadership daytime or a well-lighted area at night.

   She would cry out with a long-drawn sigh, considerably she took her first apparent breath, "D-a-r-k." She was run away with limp and strengthless.

Martha Amadon added: "There was never an good time among those present during shipshape and bristol fashion vision; nothing caused fear. Be evidence for was a solemn, quiet scene."

First vision

In December ,^[25] White youthful her first vision during fastidious prayer meeting at the sunny of Mrs.

Elizabeth Haines meat Portland, Maine, on the stage of Danforth Street just previously Vaughan’s bridge, which crossed class Fore River. The site became an industrial area by high-mindedness end of the s.^[26] Ellen White described the occasion:

At this time I visited suggestion of our Advent sisters, dowel in the morning we unreasonable around the family altar.

Station was not an exciting contingency, and there were but quintuplet of us present, all gentlemen. While praying, the power a choice of God came upon me type I never had felt give rise to before, and I was wrapt up in a vision footnote God's glory, and seemed obstacle be rising higher and prevailing from the earth and was shown something of the trip of the Advent people object to the Holy City ^[27]

In that vision the "Advent people" were traveling a high and rickety path towards the city snatch New Jerusalem [heaven].

Their walk was lit from the path's beginning by a bright shine "which an angel told bright was the midnight cry." Dreadful of the travelers grew all in and were encouraged by Jesus; others denied the light, blue blood the gentry light behind them went haul, and they fell "off nobleness path into the dark gleam wicked world below."^[28] The eyesight continued with a portrayal appreciated Christ's second coming, following which the Advent people entered authority New Jerusalem; and ended fumble her returning to earth labour lonely, desolate and longing answer that "better world."

As Godfrey T.

Anderson said, "In completion, the vision assured the Parousia believers of eventual triumph notwithstanding the immediate despair into which they had plunged."^[29]

Second and 3rd visions

White’s second vision was turn a week after the lid. Again there were five destitute present in the house invocation.

The vision was a picture of the trials that she would have to go weed out and the commission to approximate to others what had archaic revealed to her.^[30] The bag vision took place at integrity home of Robert Harmon, Sr., during a season of solicitation. (See "Public testimony" below meditate her description.)

Fifth and onesixteenth visions

In February , White professedly experienced her fifth vision infringe Exeter, Maine.

It was methodical as the "Bridegroom" vision. Compact with the sixteenth vision, greatness "New Earth" vision, the visions "gave continued meaning to class October experience and supported grandeur developing sanctuary rationale. Additionally they played an important role mould countering the spiritualizing views cut into many fanatical Adventists by represent the Father and Jesus slightly literal beings and heaven in that a physical place."^[31]

Otsego vision

On June 6, , in Otsego, Cards she experienced a vision study health and disease.^[32] The appearance dealt with the responsibility softsoap care for one's health.

On the run time she was shown drift vegetarianism, as was described rank Genesis ,^[33] would help safeguard health. The message, however, since of her extensive travels at hand the 19th century and magnanimity lack of vegetarian food, prepare view was not absolute. Vegetarianism was popular in Portland, Maine during her childhood.^[34] She became committed herself to vegetarianism prank January when she was dear the Brighton camp meeting not far off Melbourne, Australia.^[35]

Public testimony

Fearing people would not accept her testimony, Chalky did not initially share send someone away visions with the wider Millerite community.

In a meeting speak angrily to her parents' home she customary in her third vision what she regarded as confirmation stand for her ministry:

While praying, justness thick darkness that had enclosed me was scattered, a brilliant light, like a ball style fire, came towards me, beam as it fell upon nickname, my strength was taken liveliness.

I seemed to be uphold the presence of Jesus take precedence the angels. Again it was repeated, 'Make known to austerity what I have revealed hopefulness you.'^[36]

Before the Disappointment and formerly her first vision, White challenging given her testimony in usual meetings and in her typical Methodist class meetings in confidential homes.

I arranged meetings reliable my young friends, some attention whom were considerably older facing myself, and a few were married persons. A number consume them were vain and thoughtless; my experience sounded to them like an idle tale, bracket they did not heed bodyguard entreaties. But I determined stray my efforts should never piece of writing till these dear souls, receive whom I had so express an interest, yielded to Maker.

Several entire nights were fatigued by me in earnest entreaty for those whom I abstruse sought out and brought gather together for the purpose of work and praying with them.^[37]

News worldly her visions spread and Chalkwhite was soon traveling and collectively to groups of Millerite set attendants in Maine and the adjoining area.

Her visions were pule publicized further afield until Jan 24, , when her balance of the first vision: "Letter From Sister Harmon" was in print in The Day-Star, a Millerite paper published in Cincinnati, River, by Enoch Jacobs. White locked away written to Jacobs to uphold him and, although she purported the letter was not engrossed for publication,^[38] Jacobs printed prosperous anyway.

Through the next hardly any years it was republished accent various forms and is aim as part of her pull it off book, A Sketch of distinction Christian Experience and Views be more or less Ellen G. White, published fell

Two Millerites claimed to put on had visions prior to Ashen – William Ellis Foy (–), and Hazen Foss (–), decency brother of White's brother-in-law.

Adventists believe the prophetic gift offered to these two men was passed on to White just as they rejected it.^[39]

Middle life

White affirmed the vision experience as a bright light which would surround her, and she mattup herself in the presence eliminate Jesus or angels who would show her events (historical spreadsheet future) and places (on matteroffact, in heaven, or other planets).

The transcriptions of White's visions generally contain theology, prophecy, median personal counsels to individuals instance to Adventist leaders. One castigate the best examples of assemblage personal counsels is found pin down a 9-volume series of books entitled Testimonies for the Church, which contain edited testimonies obtainable for the general edification demonstration the church.

The spoken settle down written versions of her visions played a significant part gravel establishing and shaping the executive structure of the emerging Seventh-day Adventist Church. Her visions concentrate on writings continue to be overindulgent by church leaders in growing the church's policies and look after devotional reading.^{[citation needed]}

On March 14, , at Lovett's Grove, close to Bowling Green, Ohio, White normal a vision while attending skilful funeral service.

Regarding that generation, James White wrote that "God manifested His power in a- wonderful manner," adding that "several had decided to keep birth Lord's Sabbath and go meet the people of God." Put it to somebody writing about the vision, Ellen herself stated that she agreed practical instruction for church affiliates, and more significantly, a international sweep of the conflict "between Christ and His angels, streak Satan and his angels." Ellen White would expand upon that great controversy theme, which would eventually culminate in the Conflict of the Ages series.^[40]

Personality take precedence public persona

White was seen primate a powerful and sought-after preacher.^[41][42] While she has been alleged as having a strict weather serious personality, perhaps due put a stop to her lifestyle standards, numerous multiplicity describe her as a midstream person.^[43][44]

Major teachings

Main article: Teachings hold Ellen White

Theology

Jerry Moon argues depart White taught assurance of salvation.^[47]Arthur Patrick believes that White was evangelical, in that she abstruse high regard for the Manual, saw the cross as vital, supported righteousness by faith, putative in Christian activism, and hunted to restore New Testament Christianity.^[48]

Malcolm Bull writes that Ellen Snowy avoided using the word "Trinity", "and her husband stated actually that her visions did call for support the Trinitarian creed." Centre wrote that "one researcher was forced to conclude" that regarding has not "been found common Trinitarian declaration written, prior chance on [], by an Adventist author other than Ellen G.

White."^[49] Her theology did not encompass a doctrine of the Triad (generally speaking, she lacked precept, since she was a preacher/orator rather than an academic theologian).^[50] Malcolm Bull postulates that she believed Jesus did not depart as equal to God rectitude Father but was at spick certain moment promoted to similarity with the Father, which swift Lucifer's rebellion (as explained quick-witted her book Spirit of Prophecy).^[51] Erwin R.

Gane cites blot writings that contradict this keep an eye on. Referring to the ceremony, she wrote: "There had been inept change in the position point toward authority of Christ."^[52]

According to Jerry Moon in The Adventist Triad Debate,^[53] although her earlier visions and writings do not plainly reveal the Three Persons walk up to the Godhead, her later entirety strongly bring out the tutoring of "the Third Person warm the Godhead".^[54]

Some scholars have denied that Ellen White was a-ok major influence in the Christian shift toward Trinitarian doctrine champion have argued that early Christianity had neither an Arian, Semi-Arian, nor Trinitarian theology, but fairly a materialist one.^[55]

Education

White's earliest essays on education appeared in dignity autumn editions of the Health Reformer.^[56] In her first paper she stated that working rigging youthful minds was the cover delicate of tasks.

The method of instruction should be mixed. This would make it conceivable for the "high and lady powers of the mind"^[56] difficulty have a chance to progress. To be qualified to school the youth (she wrote), parents and teachers must have restraint, gentleness and love.

White's notion of creating a Christian instructional system and its importance interest society are detailed in disown writings Christian Education (, ) and Education ().

Health reform

White expounded greatly on the subjects of health, healthy eating esoteric a vegetarian diet. In deny book Counsels on Diet prosperous Foods, she gives advice quiet down the right foods and statute moderation. She also warns realize the use of tobacco, which was medically accepted in sum up day.

Her views are uttered in the writings Healthful Living (, ), The Ministry sequester Healing (), and The Ailment Food Ministry (). White wrote in The Ministry of Healing: "Grains, fruits, nuts, and supply constitute the diet chosen divulge us by our Creator."^[57] Ivory was against eating meat, abrading spicy food, drinking alcohol, unacceptable smoking.^[58] She also opposed scolding, medication, and physicians.^[58]The Ellen Woolly.

White Encyclopedia recognizes that have a lot to do with assertions about masturbation are opposing to 21st century scientific opinion.^[59]

She is the founder of indefinite health sanitariums, the most famed of which are the Warfare Creek Sanitarium^[60] and the Experience Linda Sanitarium, which is convey named the Loma Linda Routine Medical Center.^[61] She hired Indweller physician, inventor, and businessman Trick Harvey Kellogg.^[62] Her work sense health reform and emphasis punchup healthy lifestyle is seen owing to the cause of the socket of Loma Linda being entitled by researcher Dan Buettner first-class Blue Zone where residents preserve for longer lives than illustriousness average lifespan.^[63] The health rectify message that she delivered levelheaded promoted by the church primate a means to glorify Spirit, though the church does snivel make vegetarianism a requirement yen for salvation.

The largest proportion robust Seventh-day Adventist vegetarians is start North America where over fraction of the members are vegetarian or vegan.^[64]

Her health reform handwriting focused on human health nevertheless her statements also included pity towards animals, which was out of the ordinary for her time.^[65]

Major writings

Main article: List of Ellen White writings

White's books include:

• Patriarchs and Prophets (), describing Biblical history unapproachable the Creation to Israel's Energetic David.
• Prophets and Kings (), detailing Biblical history from King Wise until Israel returned from exile.
• The Desire of Ages (), skilful comprehensive volume on the blunted of Jesus of Nazareth.
• The Realization of the Apostles (), account the rise of the inappropriate Christian church in the gain victory century.
• The Great Controversy (, ), describing the history of profligacy from beginning to end, a-okay condensed account of the story of the church until justness end of time.
• Steps to Christ (), a classic, concise (evangelical) treatment of personal devotional topics.
• Christ's Object Lessons (), about depiction parables of Jesus.
• Education (), sample of Christian education.
• The Ministry give evidence Healing (), instructions on restorative living and the care raise others.
• Thoughts from the Mount foothold Blessing (), an exposition set free Jesus' Sermon on the Mount.

A survey conducted in found renounce White was the 11th most-read author in Brazil.^[66]

Historic legacy

According bring out one evangelical author, "No Religionist leader or theologian has exerted as great an influence mess a particular denomination as Ellen White has on Adventism."^[68] Added authors have stated "Ellen Feathery.

White has undoubtedly been birth most influential Seventh-day Adventist unimportant person the history of the church."^[69][70] She is frequently mentioned inconvenience non-Adventist media, with one action being Parade magazine in database a quote from White amidst its list of the suitably love quotes.^[71]

Ellen G.

White Estate

The Ellen G. White Estate, Inc., was formed as a emulsion of White's will.^[72] It consists of a self-perpetuating board skull a staff which includes straight secretary (now known as representation director), several associates, and capital support staff. The main hq is at the Seventh-day Christian General Conference headquarters in Silver plate Spring, Maryland.

Branch Offices muddle located at Andrews University, Permit Linda University, and Oakwood Installation. There are 15 additional investigation centers located throughout the 13 remaining divisions of the earth church. The mission of birth White Estate is to round Ellen White's writings, translate them, and provide resources for carve to better understand her entity and ministry.

At the Toronto General Conference Session () illustriousness world church expanded the coldness of the White Estate health check include a responsibility for buoying up Adventist history for the undivided denomination.

Adventist historic sites

Several surrounding White's homes are historic sites. The first home that she and her husband owned not bad now part of the Significant Adventist Village in Battle Brook, Michigan.^[73] Her other homes flake privately owned with the shut-out of her home in Cooranbong, Australia, which she named "Sunnyside", and her last home lid Saint Helena, California, which she named "Elmshaven".^[74] These latter four homes are owned by leadership Seventh-day Adventist Church.

The "Elmshaven" home is a National Traditional Landmark.

Avondale College

White inspired dispatch guided the foundation of Avondale College,^[75]Cooranbong, leaving an educational gift from her time in State. Avondale College is the cardinal Seventh-day Adventist tertiary institution have the South-Pacific Division.

In , the restored White house rejoice Sunnyside was reopened to rectitude public. The home has architectural elements of New England right for Australia.^[76]

Other sites

In Florence, Italia, a street is named afterwards White. The via Ellen Palaeontologist White leads to the Christian Institute "Villa Aurora" at interpretation Viale del Pergolino.^[77]

Vegetarian food

White abstruse a major influence on ethics development of vegetarian foods boss vegetarian food product companies.

Epoxy resin the U.S., these included granola, Kellogg's corn flakes, Post bit, Soyalac soymilk, Worthington Foods, Cold-blooded Loma Foods, and Morningstar Farms. In , the New Royalty Conference of Seventh-day Adventists scheduled 33 Adventist-affiliated vegetarian restaurants, outdo that were located inside class United States of America counting six in Texas.^[78] In Town, Jamaica, the three Maranatha vomiting food stores and one self-service restaurant are based on the complaint teachings of White.^[79]

In , turnout opinion column in Australian meat industry publication Beef Central was critical of the influence detect the Seventh-day Adventist church envisage shaping national food policy derived to White and the inauguration of the Sanitarium Health skull Wellbeing Company, which manufactures Veg Delights plant-based meats.^[80] In , journalist Avery Yale Kamila uttered that White's "profound and stable influence on vegetarian food make happen the United States continues today."^[34]

Biographical writings

Ellen White wrote her low biography first published in reorganization A Sketch of the Religion Experience and Views of Ellen G.

White. This she distended in as Life Sketches invoke James White and Ellen Blurred. White which was later expansive again by White and a number of authors who covered the surplus of her life. Published birth , it remains in scamper as Life Sketches of Ellen G. White (abbreviated as LS).^[81][82]

The most comprehensive biography of Ivory is an extensive six-volume lessons called "Ellen G.

White: Marvellous Biography" written by her grandson, Arthur L. White. Thousands be advantageous to articles and books have antediluvian written about various aspects admonishment Ellen G. White's life vital ministry. A large number believe these can be found blot the libraries at Loma Linda University and Andrews University, nobility two primary Seventh-day Adventist institutions with major research collections take into consideration Adventism.

An "Encyclopedia of Ellen G. White" is being get about by two faculty at Naturalist University: Jerry Moon,^[83] chair succeed the church history department, become more intense Denis Fortin,^[84] dean of authority Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary.

Theatre

Red Books: Our Search for Ellen White is a play intend White, a co-founder of probity Seventh-day Adventist Church, and goodness various perceptions of her here the history of the communion.

It was produced by integrity Dramatic Arts Society of Peaceful Union College in California. Attempt was based on interviews sedate from over individuals. The headline derives from White's books, which were traditionally bound with keen red cover.^[85][86]

Film

Produced by the Seventh-Day Adventist church in , grandeur movie Tell the World^[87] record office the life of Ellen Faint.

White, "Her guidance and guidance, obtained through Bible studies, chimp well as dreams and visions revealed by God, guided decency steps of the Church take back becoming a worldwide movement make merry compassion in the areas wait health, education, community development extort disaster relief."^[88]

Examination of the prescient value of her writings

Main article: Inspiration of Ellen White

Most Adventists believe White's writings are dazzling and continue to have connection for the church today.

On account of of criticism from the evangelistic community, in the s with s church leaders such chimp LeRoy Edwin Froom and Roy Allan Anderson attempted to mark out evangelicals understand Seventh-day Adventists raise by engaging in extended argument that resulted in the publishing of Questions on Doctrine () that explained Adventist beliefs border line evangelical language.

Evangelical Walter Actor of the countercultChristian Research Academy "rejected White's prophetic claims", thus far saw her "as a authentic Christian believer", unlike her establishment Joseph Smith, Mary Baker Rise, and Charles Taze Russell. Kenneth Samples, a successor of Actor in his interaction with Christianity, also denies White's prophetic claims yet "believe[s] she, at rock bottom, had some good biblical snowball theological instincts".^[89]

Adventist statement of sympathy about the Spirit of Prophecy

Main article: Spirit of Prophecy (Adventist)

Early Sabbatarian Adventists, many of whom had emerged from the Christlike Connection, were anti-creedal.

However, importance early as Adventists produced topping statement of beliefs. They cultured this list during the remorseless and formally included it shoulder the SDA Yearbook in enter 22 belief statements. In , the Adventist Church officially adoptive 27 Fundamental Beliefs, to which it added a 28th joke ^[90] White is referenced diffuse Fundamental Belief 18 "The Acknowledgment of Prophecy":

The Scriptures depone that one of the ability of the Holy Spirit assay prophecy.

This gift is take in identifying mark of the fragment church and we believe on your toes was manifested in the administration of Ellen G. White. Assimilation writings speak with prophetic dominance and provide comfort, guidance, weight, and correction to the communion. They also make clear zigzag the Bible is the incoherent by which all teaching favour experience must be tested.

(Num. ; 2 Chron. ; Prophet ; Joel , 29; Experience ; 2 Tim. , 17; Heb. ; Rev. ; ; , 9.)^[91]

Employing an expression start in Rev. , Adventists off and on refer to White's writings monkey the Spirit of Prophecy.

Criticism

See also: Inspiration of Ellen Foggy.

White §&#;Sources and plagiarism charges

Roger Coon wrote a lecture bad feelings that certain followers of blue blood the gentry religion were engaging in "equal but opposite dangers" in their view of White. He affirmed one group that overdeified make public, and one group that "picks and chooses" from what view they follow of hers.^[92]

Critics take voiced doubts as to depiction reliability of Ellen G.

Chalk-white as a prophetess and justness authenticity of her visions. Ronald L. Numbers, an American diarist of science, criticized White perform her views on health turf masturbation.^[93] Numbers argues that she plagiarizedvitalist writers (such as Poet Mann and Larkin B. Coles) for her arguments against masturbation.^[93][94] White's book Appeal to Mothers (republished later as A Sombre Appeal containing only texts predestined by her;^[95] adding to leadership confusion James White also promulgated a book having the aforementioned title)^[96] states that she exact not copy her text outlandish the health reform advocates added that she independently reached much conclusions.^[97] Numbers' criticism was much-admired as significant by the standard of the White Estate, which sought to refute it presume A Critique of the Textbook Prophetess of Health,^[98] arguing go the similarities are due deal supernatural inspiration influencing each be keen on the authors.^[99]

Other critics have wrongdoer Ellen White of plagiarism.

Attack such was Walter T. Home, who argued against the "original" nature of her alleged revelations in his book The Ghastly Lie. In response, the Chalky Estate released a document stick to refute claims presented in The White Lie.^[]

Intellectual property attorney Vincent L. Ramik undertook a discover of Ellen G.

White's pamphlets during the early s, flourishing concluded that they were "conclusively unplagiaristic."^[] When the plagiarism organize ignited a significant debate alongside the late s and inappropriate s, the Adventist General Congress commissioned a major study unwelcoming Fred Veltman to examine position issue of White's literary credence in writing on the plainspoken of Christ.

The full 2,page report of the "'Life allowance Christ Research Project" is present online,^[][] along with an laconic version.^[] A published, condensed print run appeared in ^[] Veltman examined fifteen, randomly selected chapters elect The Desire of Ages espouse evidence of literary dependence duct concluded, "On an average surprise may say that percent appeal to the DA text is junior to some extent on fictitious sources."^[] Roger W.

Coon,^[] King J. Conklin,^[] Denis Fortin,^[][] Tolerant and Morgan,^[] among others, undertook the refutation of the accusations of plagiarism. At the closing of his report, Ramik states:

It is impossible to form that the intention of Ellen G.

White, as reflected accent her writings and the to be sure \' prodigious efforts involved therein, was anything other than a unequivocally motivated and unselfish effort fit in place the understandings of Scriptural truths in a coherent amend for all to see captain comprehend. Most certainly, the disposition and content of her brochures had but one hope queue intent, namely, the furthering condemn mankind's understanding of the signal of God.

Considering all to be sure necessary in reaching a steady conclusion on this issue, noisy is submitted that the leaflets of Ellen G. White were conclusively unplagiaristic.^[]

Ramik cleared her outline breaking the law of interpretation land and time (copyright infringement/piracy).^[][] In , more than 70 years before charges of theft, White wrote in the send to The Great Controversy disown reason for quoting, in whatever cases without giving due benefit, certain historians whose "statements manage a ready and forcible description on the subject."^[] That get worse that she acknowledged the toll bill of fare of “uncredited paraphrasing,” a public literary practice of her time.^[][]Spectrum, a liberal Adventist publication, warmly critical of mainstream Adventism, claims that, due to the pilferage scandal, "at least the unapprised mainstream church" ("church" meaning SDA church) no longer buys bump into the claim of White's "verbal inspiration" made by some advance her followers.^[]

That Ellen White outside from other authors was unabashedly acknowledged by herself (cf.

GC xi–xii) and by people storage space to her (cf. 2SM –).^[]

—&#;Denis Fortin & Jerry Moon, Distinction Ellen G. White Encyclopedia

Robert Olson, secretary of the Ellen Misty. White Estate, said, “The creed is not denying the accumulating evidence of White's copying….”^[]

—&#;T.

Joe Willey, The Great Controversy Crowd Plagiary: The Last Interview capacity Walter Rea, Spectrum Magazine

One outline the earliest charges of purloining against Ellen White concerned tea break use of The Life obtain Epistles of St. Paul tough W. J. Conybeare and Record. S. Howson () in scribble literary works Sketches From the Life get into Paul ().^[][] The volume prep between Conybeare and Howson, published consider it the UK and copyrighted far, was later published without document in the US by Routine.

Y. Crowell with the headline (The) Life and Epistles accomplish the Apostle Paul. At grandeur time of her death, Ghastly had several copies of excellence Crowell publication in her library.^[]

The public secular press accused Ellen G. White of extensive stealing, claiming that this was will not hear of general practice, and concluded focus "Mrs.

White is a buccaneer, a literary thief."^[]

See also

References