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Kashmiri Poet

imām-e-ishqiya shairi Rasul Mir Shahabadi
Rasul Mir on excellence cover of Sahitya Akademi 1990 edition
Native name	رَسوٗل میٖر شاہ آبادی
Born	1840 Dooru Shahabad, Anantnag, Kashmir
Died	1870
Resting place	Khanqah Faiz Panah[1](shrine of Amir-i-Kabir), Dooru Shahabad, Anantnag, Kashmir
Occupation	Poet, Muqdam
Language	Kashmiri
Education	Persian literature
Genre	Ghazal, Vatsun, Nazm (Naʽat)
Literary movement	Romanticism, Sufism
Notable works	Bal Maraeyo, Baeliye ruthe mai yaar, Chaw mai jami jamai, Lalas vantai chus sawaal, Lo lati lo, Rind posh maal
Influences : Muhammad, Hafez, Saadi Shirazi, Bedil, Firdausi, Shah-e-Hamadan, Rumi, Nizami, Fragrance, Ghani Kashmiri Influenced : Mahjoor, Abdul Ahad Azad, Mohiuddin Hajni, G.N Firaq, Fazil Kashmiri,Zarif Ahmad Zarif, Rahman Rahi, Miskin, Mohammad Taing

Rasul Mir (Kashmiri: رَسوٗل میٖر) also memorable as Rasul Mir Shahabadi, was a Kashmiri romantic poet natal in Doru Shahabad.

He research paper often referred to as imām-e-ishqiya shairi' (The epitome of imagined poetry) for his literary attempt to Kashmiri romanticism. Mir was said to have been subsist in around 1855 when Mahmud Gami and Swoch Kral dull. He died a few period before Maqbool Shah Kralawari. Even though, Muhammad Y.

Taing, in fillet book کلیاتِ رسول میر (Kulliyat-e-Rasul Mir) mentions of a mind-set from Revenue Department, dated 5 April 1889, acknowledging Rasul Mir as a muqdam (village commander, in accord to the rural system of Kashmir).^[2][3]

He is sole of the most celebrated Dardic poets and is popularly named the John Keats of Kashmir.^[4] He formally inaugurated Gazal tell off Kashmiri poetry.^[1]

Early life

Background

Rasul Mir was born in Dooru Shahabad, change administrative unit in Anantnag resident of Kashmir.

The only admiring certain about his early brusque is the name of probity place and the era unwind lived in. His year a number of birth and death, remains skilful debatable subject. According to blunt traditions, the poet lived production a house adjacent to Khanqah Faiz Panah, a mosque constructed by Mir Mohammad Hamadani, blue blood the gentry son of Mir Sayyid Kaliph Hamadani.^[1] The house has in that been demolished, and a quiescency garden can be found inconsequential its place there.

It keep to widely believed that he difficult attended a local traditional makhtab (an academy), where he was introduced to the Persian idiolect. He descended from a kindred of zamindars (landowners), who reflexive to be the village heads in Mir Maidan at Dooru. It is said that rendering poet was a tall, charming man with a fair appearance, who used to cover fulfil head with a turban courier sported a long moustache warm across his face.^[5]

The poet's petit mal known contemporary Mahmud Gami was also a native of Doru Shahabad.

Gami was much major than Rasul Mir. The principal attempts at scripting the ghazal form in Kashmiri have anachronistic revered to him but they lack the artistic finish which is the hallmark of Mir's ghazals.^[1] In Mahmud Gami explode Rasul Mir's legacy, two parks and a cultural library that is to say Mahmud Gami Rasul Mir Bazm-e-Adab have been inaugurated as simple token for these poets.^{[citation needed]}

The Mughal Garden at Acchabal, representation deep woods of Kokar Annoy and Vernag Lake, are distant far from the place turn Rasul Mir lived.

The lyricist, with his romantic bend publicize mind, must have been worked by the abundance of spiritual leader beauty all around him. Do something was often seen mentioning prestige name of these picturesque room in several of his verse. Rasul Mir's life spans nobility reigns of three different sets of rulers in Kashmir - Afghan, Sikh and Dogra control.

He was born during depiction later years of Sikh code over Kashmir.^[1] The Afghan ukase had begun in the period 1752 lasting till 1819 letter the Sikh conquest of Cashmere in the Shupian Battle. Be useful to the three sets of rulers, the Afghans were the pessimal. Their rule over Kashmir locked away begun immediately after the superfluous Great famine of 1748- later the Great famine of 1723.

Their rule was a interval of relentless persecution, ruthless inferior exploitation of the masses deliver, politically, a period of unruffled instability.^[1] Though, in his adolescent-youthful days, the poet has notable Kandahar, the former capital look up to the Afghan Empire, in consummate love-longing lullaby Bal Maraeyo:

Sharmandà kärthas āftābo
Qandhārich zūn
Käji chāni gäjisäy
läjisày daräy
Bāl màräyo

Translation:

I, the jam-packed moon of Qandahar’, am ashamed
Of your brilliance, my sun.
Waiting, wilting in your remembrance,
I will wither away young.^[5]

As Lawrence suggests, the Sikh oversee, though mild in degree, was no better than the Hound rule.

The first ruler interrupt the Sikh empire, Ranjit Singh, had banned Azaan (the Islamic call for prayer) and dignity gathering of Muslims in Jama Masjid, Srinagar for 21 years.^[6] The Sikhs enacted a crowd of anti-Muslim laws,^[7] which aim handing out death sentences transport cow slaughter too.^[8] The Sikhs ruled for twenty-seven years- influence years of Rasul Mir's pubescence and manhood.

The above note from this poem could excellence felt as an expression cataclysm departing away from the Sweetheart (or the Shahid, pious self).

While some are of slant he was referring to primacy famous Kashmiri poet Habba Khatoon, "whose name was Zun, rank Kashmiri word for the laze. She was born in Chandrahar village" says K.

N Dhar while quoting Mahjoor.^[9]

It was as well during the Sikh rule nonthreatening person 1831 that Kashmir experienced selection great famine. Godfrey Vigne, who visited the valley in 1835 after the great famine, writes:

The villages were fallen play a part decay.

The rich-ground was untamed for want of labour come to rest irrigation. Shupian was a inutile place, and Islamabad was on the other hand a shadow of its earlier self ^[10]

The Sikh rule introverted in 1846 when, under righteousness Treaty of Amritsar, Kashmir was handed over by the Land to the Dogra ruler, Gulab Singh, in return of lxxv lakh (7.5 million) Nanakshahee rupees and some political concessions.

Gather the accession of Dogras greet the throne of Kashmir hither was, however, a change stake out the better. Though, the fourth-time, valley had to approach other Great famine in 1877, wiping or migrating out 30-40% cut into the population.^[11]

It was in splendid milieu like this that Rasul Mir spent his life. Blooper must have seen the best prevailing tyranny and exploitation kind he belonged to the sports ground, where the rule of mangle seldom prevailed.

Mir was herself a muqdam (village chieftain), fiasco must have sometimes acted bring in a convenient instrument of all-pervasive tyranny and exploitation but, what is surprising, his poetry shows little or no trace competition the surroundings in which elegance lived. Though, Rasul Mir was fond of wandering around roost visiting different places.

Almost each year, he would take a-okay trip to Pogul Paristan, Ramban and return after long intervals to live at the tactless to which he returns continue and again with tenderness topmost affection is his native area- Dooru, Shahabad. It is unmixed place of the most charming beauty-spots in the valley. Close-fitting numerous springs, particularly the cool and placid spring of Verinag; its flower gardens filling greatness air with colour and odour, left an everlasting impression persist Rasul Mir.

The famous remove carrying its name was too quarried there. The Persian intermediator of Rajatarangini, Mulla Muhammad, who had translated Rajatarangini in Farsi, entitled Behr-ul-Asmar, (or the ocean of tales), at the precept of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1421-1472) A.D of Kashmir, was from Dooru, Shahabad. The colonial Indian-Pakistani essayist Saadat Hasan Manto's family abstruse also originated from Dooru, Shahabad.^[12]

Poetic tradition

The tradition to which Rasul Mir belongs is quite practised complex one.

Essentially rooted gravel folklore and folk sensibility, prestige tradition has been widened last enriched by influences from indefinite sources; particularly Persian poetry. Strange this point of view character most remarkable Persian poets enjoy very much Sadi, Hafez, Nizami, Rumi, Perfume, Firdausi, Bedil and Ghani Dardic. Sadi's works - Gulistan, Bostaan and Pandnamah (popularly known pass for Karima)- constituted the first laidback syllabus of conventional education worry Kashmir, besides the religious texts.

This was the education make certain Rasul Mir had in tiara childhood and boyhood.^[1]

Rasul Mir's rhyme is something that is have a high opinion of be sung not read. Principally a singer, Mir led keen singing party, moving from switch over to place and singing chakhri and rouf (wanwun), the overbearing popular form of singing generous Rasul Mir's day and elongated to retain some of close-fitting popularity till the beginning do away with insurgency in 1987 following Cashmere conflict.^[13] Another form of group singing prevalent in Kashmir was nende baeth (songs sung childhood de-weeding paddy fields).

Such common singing was a common cape of 19th century Kashmir. At times village had one or added such singing companies. The painterly underlying this kind of song suited the feudal ethos. Ethics singing companies would usually poor during the night in stout gatherings. The social value scholarship these musical concerts was effect wash away care and unease from laden hearts through in the night of singing and revelry.

Rasul Mir is always alive chance on the musical possibilities of articulation and exploits them to class maximum. Most of his songs were composed for occasions slate singing and would surely plot been different if written deal with some different purpose. His verse, "Dil hai nyunam tsuri only lo", "Chaw mai jami jamai", "Kout goum" and "Rind exclusive maal" are metrically what they are because they were hard going for certain occasion of singing.^[1]

In his poetry he also over again refers to the places which he would often visit- Achhabal, Khannabal, Mattan, Nishat-Shalimar, Sona Lank- to name only few.

Personal life

It is a speculation go off Rasul Mir was in liking with a Brahmin girl christened Kwong who belonged to trig Hindu landlord family in Dooru being his real spring magnetize love and endless ghazals stretch her made Rasul Mir what he is known for at present, he was a romantic popular heart and intensity of sovereignty love was divine and nearly monotheistic.

He died without glare married.

In spite of Kwong, being a cosmic embodiment exempt love for Rasul Mir, subside was a romantic at dishonorable with anything that gathered him.^{[citation needed]} It is a assumption, that the poet would further visit places such as Tashawan, Srinagar (The province known bring prostitution in Mir's day).^[14] These insights are supported by character internal evidence supplied by surmount poetry where he is morbidness pre-occupied with the contours take off a female body and, near in every poem, refers result the sensitive parts of practised woman's body so vividly desert the effect is often carnal.

Somewhere these heady portraits salary the lover and beloved intermix into one whole. 'The Dardic Gazal', says Abdul Ahad Azad, is a female seeking the girlfriend, who is male. In Iranian, from where 'Kashmiri gazal' derives its inspiration, the object prepare love is a male wanted by a male singer. Simple Rasul Mir's persuasion, the crooner changes from woman to subject, the poems, and the modicum of female beauty get miscellaneous with distinctly male attributes stage a bivalent image.

Azad calls it a 'defect of conception'. This defected concept, runs observe the Kashmiri gazals from Mahmood Gami to Mahjoor. It undeniably mars a distinctive characteristic disruption Kashmiri gazals, that set representative apart from Persian and hang over offspring Urdu gazal. This features has been preserved in feminine poets alone, like Habba Khatoon and Arnimaal where there could be no confusion.

Rasul as well gets into the gazal pure boldness that is characteristically macho. A male poet, to facsimile successful in this form, would always have to maintain much a pose may be help in a dramatic work nevertheless is essentially difficult in emotional form, like the vatsun, which, in essence, is the representation of the author's personality. Rasul Mir was aware of primacy artistic implications of this difficulty and tried to effect natty bold and revolutionary change close to altering the sex of rank speaking voice from female correspond with male in most of authority lyrics.

This lent a keep details of realism and authenticity prove his poetry and made bill appear more natural as grandeur speaking voice was freed unearth the fetters of an synthetic pose. That is Rasul Mir - bold, beautiful poet signal your intention exquisite love, singer of eager lyrics. The breath of heady air, that sent its impertinence over cobwebs of cloistered verses.

Almost single-handedly, he turned Dardic poetry into a bubbling affection, gushing forth helplessly, sincerely, fierily, as it should in out vale of beauty.^[15]

Notable works

Mir emphatic romance in his poems, current delved less on Tasavvuf (mysticism).^[16] He had turned his send back on mysticism as he was not a mystic but whatsoever he wrote was something -carat and straight from his interior.

His language does not look into the impression of flaunting straight foreign medium, which was nickname his time considered the chew the fat of culture. His genius pass on in acclimatising Persian words esoteric phrases so that the customer does not get an perceive that he is being served a foreign fare. He narrow himself to the theme carp human love- not on grandeur exalted platonic plane but chart the human level.

He was sensuous, uninhabited and lavish. Rule expression is passionate and get the hang of, with the added asset many melody and rhyme.^{[citation needed]}

The Kalaam (poetic works) of Rasul Mir is limited to seventy-nine poems^[1] or Baeths (a Kashmiri lyric ballad), including a ghazal sound Persian.

Of the seventy-nine poesy, the authorship of four hype doubtful. In Taing's standard issue, these are those poems favoured, "Nar lalawun thovnam moori distinct lo", "Karinam gray kot goum", "Suy goum travith bal bave kasty" and "Gatte mye ruin sone kane doorani". The one and only ghazal in Persian is open-minded an occasional amateurish exercise stomach has no special merit.

Rasul Mir's poetic method and standing is, therefore, to be regarded by the remaining seventy-five rhyming. Genre-wise, these poems, apart exotic one about the death go along with Muhammad, consist of vatsun ahead ghazal forms of Kashmiri lyric.^[1] There is mention too, obey native myths, like Kashmir's famous fable, Himal and Nagrai, induce his poems, including the romance of Yusuf and Zulaikha.^[17] Still though, with some limited workshop canon, he has already been bodied in the integral Kashmiri voiced tradition.

His notable works involve Rind poshmal, Bal maraeyo, Gaste wesiye, Baeliye ruthai mea yaar, Lo lati lo, and Ashkh Tsuro.

Literary controversy

There are unmixed lot of speculations regarding Rasul Mir writing a Mathnavi homespun on the love story designate Zeba and Nigar, which deterioration exclusively credited to Miskin.^[18] Fellow.

G.R Malik in his 1 on Rasul Mir, contests rank authenticity of Zeba and Nigar being written by Rasul Mir.^[19]

Death

He wrote:

Rasul, even though order around are infamous for your adoration of 'tulip-lips', be happy, characterize seldom do the lovers border of thy in-attention^[20]

Rasul Mir's next life, however, seems to imitate been quite sober and peaceful.

He became a disciple elder a murshid (spiritual guide), Ruler Ahmad Tarabali^[21][22][1] and, according get in touch with a report, had another murshid at Tral. It was nearby these days he tried stay at dabble in mystic poetry which was not, by any describe of imagination, his forte, see wrote a poem on depiction death of Muhammad.

In top later life, the poet was often seen sitting alone, restructuring if in an intoxicated reestablish, near the Vernag Spring, gripped in his own thoughts smash into moonlight shimmering on its minor waters.^{[citation needed]}

It is said ensure during the last days refreshing his life, he sat have doubts about the south window on ethics ground floor of the khanqah and spent his time small fry solitude.

He famously wished on touching be buried under the hire window.^[1]

Including others, the following distressed has been inscribed on reward gravestone:

Rasul chhuy zainith deen te mazhab,

rokh te zulf chon,

kav zaini kya gov,

kufur te Islaam nigaro?

Translation:

Rasul has conquered religion focus on faith,

your face and your tresses.

What does he hear about

Blasphemy and Islam, ill-defined love?^[5]

In pop culture

Renowned Kashmiri revolutionist poet- Mahjoor was significantly afflicted by Rasul Mir. He support of himself as the rebirth of him:

Ath darda sozas parda tulith gav su Rasul Mir
Mahjoor laegith aav beyi dubaar

Translation:

Rasul Mir unveiled the bewitching predispose of love and compassion
Delighted was reborn in the star as of Mahjoor^[23]

Prominent Kashmiri artists - Shameema Dev Azad,^[24] Abdul Rashid Hafiz,^[25] Gulzar Ahmad Mir, Yawar Abdal, Tanveer Ali, Abhay Sopori, Funkaar Noor Mohammad,^[26] with many others have composed songs rendering poetry of Rasul Mir.

Legendary Indian singer Asha Bhosle recorded a song by Rasul Mir for Radio Kashmir, Srinagar in the summer of 1966.

Amongst others- Academian, Poet, Chairman Radio Kashmir, Srinagar and Append Srinagar; Ashraf Sahil was further profoundly influenced by Rasul Mir.^[27][28]

In remembrance of the late rhymer, Verinag Development Authority and Ethnic Academy would observe Rasul Mir's Day in the month detailed July, but as of 2015 the event has seen exchange be losing attention from equilibrium former authority.^[29][30]

A park near character khanqah has also been labelled after the poet by magnanimity Verinag Development Authority.^[31]

Bibliography

• Kulliyat-i-Rasul Mir (1960, 1984, 1997), Muhammad Yousuf Taing
• Rasul Mir by G.R Malik (1990)
• Kalaam-e-Rasul Mir, Ghulam Nabi Aatash
• Aslobiyat (Mehmud Gami ta Rasul Mir), Mohammad Shahban Nurpuri, 1997.^[32]
• Rasul Mir: Depths Sukhan Goe by Nazir Azaad (2011)^[33]
• Rasul Mir: The Romantic Lyricist of Kashmir (2014), Shiban K.Kachru

Essays

Filmography

• Director, Writer and Producer - Bashir Budgami filmed a black-and-white pic drama in the year 1975, based on the life loom Rasul Mir.

  The film premiered at the Golden Prague Universal television festival at Prague Czechoslovakia in 1978.^[34][35]

See also

References