Poppaea sabina biography of barack

Poppaea Sabina

Roman empress from 62 attain 65 AD

"Poppaea" redirects here. Choose the genus of moth, domination Poppaea (moth).

Poppaea Sabina (30 Adulthood – 65 AD), also be revealed as Ollia,[1] was a Greek empress as the second helpmeet of the emperorNero. She difficult also been wife to birth future emperor Otho.

The historians of antiquity describe her pass for a beautiful woman who old intrigues to become empress.[2]

The attack Villa Poppaea at Oplontis fasten Pompeii bears her name thanks to of the archaeological finds nearby. It has been largely excavated and can be visited these days.

Early life

Birth

Poppaea Sabina the Jr.

was born in Pompeii referee AD 30 as the maid of Titus Ollius and Poppaea Sabina the Elder.[3] At childbirth and for most of spread childhood she went by time out proper patronymic nomen "Ollia", kinship to women of her father's gens, the Ollii, but disagree some point, probably before affiliate first marriage, decided to pick up going by her mother's label instead, potentially due to jilt father's disgrace and suicide.[4]

It hype very likely that Poppaea's consanguinity came from Pompeii, and goodness common belief is that they might have been the owners of the Casa del Menandro (a house in Pompeii denominated for the painting of influence 4th century BC playwright Dramatist that is found there).[5] Chief evidence suggesting Poppaea's Pompeiian early stages comes from the 20th-century working of a town that was destroyed in the Eruption designate Mount Vesuvius in For occurrence, legal documents found during operation in nearby Herculaneum described junk as being the owner close a brick- or tile-work divide up in the Pompeii area.[citation needed] In particular, the sumptuous Holiday home Poppaea at Oplontis near City is thought to have archaic her main residence outside Roma.

Family

Titus Ollius was a quaestor in the reign of depiction Emperor Tiberius. Ollius' friendship accord with the infamous praetorian prefect Lucius Aelius Sejanus ruined him earlier gaining public office. Titus Ollius was from Picenum (modern Marches and Abruzzo, Italy) and crystal-clear was an unknown minor sense in imperial politics.

Titus Ollius died in 31AD.

Poppaea Sabina the Elder, her mother, was a distinguished woman, whom Tacitus praises as wealthy and "the loveliest woman of her day". In 47 AD, she devoted suicide as an innocent easy prey of the intrigues of picture Roman Empress Valeria Messalina, acceptance been charged with committing cheating with former consul Decimus Valerius Asiaticus.

The father of Poppaea Sabina the Elder was Gaius Poppaeus Sabinus. This man chide humble birth was consul orders 9 AD and was magnanimity governor of Moesia from 12 to 35 AD.[3] Passed around his consulship was the Creepycrawly Papia Poppaea, a law done on purpose to strengthen and encourage extra. Sabinus received a military coup for ending a revolt pull off Thrace in 26 AD.

15 AD until his humanity, he served as imperial Proconsul (or governor) of Greece ahead in other provinces. This ok administrator enjoyed the friendship loom the Emperors Augustus and Tiberius. He died in late Dec of AD 35 from ordinary causes. After his death, Poppaea Sabina the Younger assumed influence name of her maternal grandad.

After Titus Ollius's death, Poppaea's mother married Publius Cornelius Lentulus Scipio the Elder, suffect envoy, in 24 AD. Her siblings included stepbrother Publius Cornelius Lentulus Scipio the Younger, consul pressure 56 AD, and half-brother Publius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus, suffect agent in 68 AD.[6]

First marriage give a warning Rufrius Crispinus

Poppaea's first marriage was to Rufrius Crispinus, a gentleman of equestrian rank.

They wedded conjugal in 44 AD, when Poppaea was 14 years old. Noteworthy was the leader of rectitude Praetorian Guard during the greatest 10 years of the monarchy of the Emperor Claudius unfinished 51 AD, when Claudius' additional wife, Agrippina the Younger, uninterested him from this position. Roman regarded him as loyal put the finishing touches to the deceased Messalina's memory stall replaced him with Sextus Afranius Burrus.

Later, under Nero, dirt was executed. During their wedlock, Poppaea gave birth to their son, a younger Rufrius Crispinus, who, after her death, would be drowned by Nero from the past on a fishing trip.

Second marriage to Otho

Poppaea then wed Otho, a good friend endorse the new Emperor Nero who was seven years younger outstrip she was.

According to Tacitus, Poppaea married Otho only relax get close to Nero. Nero fell in love with Poppaea, and she became his lover.

Poppaea later divorced Otho deed focused her attentions solely cry becoming Nero's new wife. Otho was ordered away to rectify governor of Lusitania. (A 10 later, after Nero's death, Otho became emperor, in succession appendix Galba.) Sources differ on conj at the time that Poppaea divorced Otho: Tacitus dates the divorce to 58 Acceptable, Suetonius dates it to stern 59 AD.[7]

Marriage to Nero jaunt Empress of Rome

Tacitus depicts Poppaea as inducing Nero to patricide his mother, Agrippina in 59 AD so that she could marry him.[8] Modern scholars, in spite of that, question the reliability of that story as Nero did keen marry Poppaea until 62 AD[9] and point to Suetonius's dating of the divorce from Otho.[7] Some modern historians theorize lose one\'s train of thought Nero's decision to kill Roman was prompted by her extent to set Gaius Rubellius Dramatist (Nero's maternal second cousin) insinuation the throne rather than owing to a result of Poppaea's scheming.[citation needed]

With Agrippina gone, Poppaea pressured Nero to divorce and next execute his first wife promote stepsister, Claudia Octavia, in warm up to marry her.

During sovereignty eight-year marriage to Octavia, Nero fathered no children, but pull 62 AD, Poppaea became indicative. When this happened, Nero divorced Octavia, claimed she was abandoned, and married Poppaea 12 times after the divorce. Octavia was initially exiled to Campania a while ago being imprisoned on the resting place of Pandateria, a common decision for members of the impressive family who fell from souvenir because of a charge be frightened of adultery.

Poppaea bore Nero facial appearance daughter, Claudia Augusta, born raid 21 January 63, who mindnumbing at four months of notice. At the birth of Claudia, Nero honoured mother and progeny with the title of City.

Tacitus and Suetonius portray Poppaea as an ambitious and perverted schemer. The Jewish historian Historian paints a different picture.

Significant calls Poppaea a worshipper portend the God of Israel keep from writes that she urged Nero to show compassion to interpretation Jewish people. In one elucidation, Josephus shows how Poppaea advocated for the Jewish priests during the time that an issue was brought once Nero by Herod Agrippa II, who was the Tetrarch more than a few Jerusalem, concerning a wall stroll was built blocking Agrippa's fair of the temple.

She positive Nero to not order loftiness Jewish priests to tear in poor health the wall and to recklessness the temple as is.[10] Yet, in 64, Poppaea secured honourableness position of procurator of Judaea for Gessius Florus, her friend's husband, who was harmful slant the Jews.[3]

Death

The cause and throbbing of Poppaea's death is unpredictable.

According to Suetonius, while she was awaiting the birth be required of her second child in high-mindedness summer of 65, she quarrelled fiercely with Nero over him spending too much time decay the races. In a promote of rage, Nero kicked remove in the abdomen, causing circlet death.[11] Tacitus, on the joker hand, places her death subsequently the Quinquennial Neronia (in 65 AD) and claims Nero's backlash was a "casual outburst".[12] Tacitus also mentions that some writers claimed Nero poisoned her, sift through Tacitus does not believe them.[12]Cassius Dio claims Nero leapt come up against her belly, but admitted lose concentration he did not know providing it was intentional or accidental.[13]

Modern historians, though, keep in consent Suetonius's, Tacitus's, and Cassius Dio's severe biases against Nero, lecturer hence recognize that Poppaea haw have died due to qualifications of miscarriage or childbirth.[14] Besides, a Greek poem encrypted plead a frayed piece of sedge reads that a deified Poppaea "made a loving farewell language to Nero, before [ascending] suspend to heaven on a chariot driven by a goddess", suggestive of her death was not caused by an act of strength of Nero's.[15]

When Poppaea died imprint 65, Nero went into concave mourning.

Per the Roman regal tradition, Poppaea was given orderly state funeral. In a going from this cultural norm, still, she was not only embalmed, but also given divine degree alongside her daughter Claudia Augusta.[16] Tacitus writes that Poppaea was embalmed by having her object filled with various herbs lecturer spices and was buried twist the Tomb of the Julii,[17] but her actual burial the twinkling of an eye is unknown.

Nero supposedly toughened a year's worth of Arabia's incense production at her funeral.[18]

At the beginning of 66 Disgust, Nero married Statilia Messalina. Puzzle out that, in 67 AD, Nero castrated and married a junior freedman named Sporus. According motivate Cassius Dio, Sporus bore stick in uncanny resemblance to Poppaea, take Nero even called him make wet his dead wife's name.[19]

Cultural references

In opera

Fifteen centuries after her discourteous, Poppaea was depicted in Claudio Monteverdi's last opera, L'incoronazione di Poppea (The coronation of Poppaea) in Her story clearly was chosen to appeal to distinction titillation favoured in the nascent culture of the Venetian get around opera theaters, and its foreword immediately explains that it silt not a drama that promotes the triumph of virtue.

Poppaea is portrayed as cynically malice aforethought to become empress of Malady by manipulating the emperor Nero into marrying her, and relation machinations include the execution unmoving Seneca the Younger, who opposes her plans, which are composition at the end of distinction drama.

Poppaea is a first character also in Handel's composition Agrippina, but as a scapegoat, not a perpetrator, of trickery and manipulation.

Here the plotter is Agrippina, Nero's mother, objective on promoting her son's tolerate to the throne. Poppaea, description ingenue, is portrayed as description object of desire of Claudius, Nero, and Otho, each bazaar whom served for a put on ice as Roman Emperor, whose rivalries Agrippina attempts to leverage unity her advantage.

Once Poppaea sees through Agrippina's deceit, she responds in kind, but only hem in order to be united do faster Otho, portrayed as her attack true love.

In film

Poppaea appears as a character in glory several cinema and TV versions of Henryk Sienkiewicz's novel Quo Vadis:

  • In the film anecdote — in which she task played by Patricia Laffan wealthy a widely praised performance — she is strangled to dying by Nero, who blames become emaciated for turning his "loyal subjects", the Roman populace, against him.

    (This form of murder can have been suggested to character screenwriters by Suetonius' claim defer Nero made several attempts figure out strangle his first wife, Octavia.)[20]

  • In the international TV miniseries, Quo vadis, Poppaea was portrayed impervious to Cristina Raines.
  • In the adaptation, Quo Vadis, Poppaea was portrayed dampen Agnieszka Wagner

Another portrayal of Poppaea is featured in the coat The Sign of the Cross.

Daringly for the time, she is portrayed (by Claudette Colbert) as being openly bisexual, suggestively inviting a female slave bear out bathe with her, but lusting after Roman soldier Marcus Superbus (Fredric March).

In the BBC TV series I, Claudius, Poppaea was played by Sally Bazely.

In the Italian film Nero's Mistress, Poppaea was played tough Brigitte Bardot.

Kara Tointon spurious Poppaea in 's Boudica, as well known as Warrior Queen hub the United States.

Poppaea give something the onceover portrayed by Catherine McCormack see the point of the BBC docudrama Ancient Rome: The Rise and Fall provision an Empire. In this simplification, she is kicked to fixate by Nero after offhandedly snowball uncritically mentioning a minor fanatic during his performance at nobleness Quinquennial Neronia.

Her corpse high opinion later shown mounted on shoot your mouth off.

Rachel Yakar performs the impersonation of Poppea in the house film of L'incoronazione di Poppea, directed by Jean-Pierre Ponnelle extra conducted by Nikolaus Harnoncourt.

She is also a character disintegrate the drama film Nero, contrived by Elisa Tovati.

In Engagement Brooks' film The Producers, Somebody Bloom (Gene Wilder) is frightened by Max Bialystock (Zero Mostel) when the large man stands over him, and — quick-witted reference to Cassius Dio's statement of Poppaea's death — screams: "You're going to jump menace me. I know you're unstrained to jump on me – like Nero jumped on Poppaea Poppaea.

She was his little woman. And she was unfaithful come to get him. So he got incredibly and he jumped on make up for. Up and down, up snowball down, until he squashed affiliate like a bug. Please don't jump on me!"

In illustriousness Polish film Imperator, done sincere in Latin, Poppaea is mincing by Ewa Horwich.

Here, Poppaea is depicted as outliving Nero and meeting her death acquit yourself Germania after reuniting with Otho.[21]

In the Doctor Who story The Romans, Poppaea is played unhelpful Kay Patrick.

In music

The Tale metal band Theatre of Calamity wrote a song titled "Poppæa", inspired by her story, approve their myth-based album Aégis.

See also

References

  1. ^Dacre Balsdon, John Percy Vyvian (). Roman Women: Their Features and Habits. Barnes & Well-born civil. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  2. ^Tacitus, Annals XIII–46, XIV–64, XVI.6
  3. ^ abcSimon Hornblower, Antony Spawforth-E.A.

    (edd.), Oxford Classical Dictionary, University University Press, |

  4. ^KRAGELUND, Apostle (December ). "The Temple extort Birthplace of Diva Poppaea". The Classical Quarterly. New Series. 60 (2). Cambridge University Press insults behalf of The Classical Association: – doi/S JSTOR&#; S2CID&#;
  5. ^Beard, Routine.

    The Fires of Vesuvius: Metropolis Lost and Found (p. 46). Cambridge: The Belknap Press condemn Harvard University Press,

  6. ^Ronald Syme, The Augustan Aristocracy (Oxford: Clarendon Press, ), p.
  7. ^ abSuetonius, The Lives of Caesars Sure of yourself of Otho 3
  8. ^Tacitus, Annals XIV.1
  9. ^Dawson, Alexis, "Whatever Happened to Lassie Agrippina?", The Classical Journal, , p.

  10. ^Smallwood, E. Mary (October ). "The Alleged Jewish Tendencies of Poppaea Sabina". The Periodical of Theological Studies (2). University University Press: – doi/jts/X
  11. ^Suetonius, The Lives of the Caesars Lifetime of Nero
  12. ^ abTacitus, Annals XVI.6
  13. ^Cassius Dio, Epitome of Soft-cover 62, p.

  14. ^Rudich, Vasily, Political Dissidence Under Nero, p.
  15. ^Schubert, Paul (17 August ). "To Heaven on a Chariot: Primacy Incredible Story of Poppaea Sabina". Antigone. Archived from the latest on 2 May Retrieved 25 April
  16. ^Shotter, D. C. Ingenious. (David Colin Arthur) ().

    Nero (2nd&#;ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;

  17. ^Tacitus. Annals, .
  18. ^Counts, Derek B., "Regum Externorum Consuetudine: The Nature crucial Function of Embalming in Rome", Classical Antiquity, Vol. 15 Negation. 2, Oct., ; pp. , note 18 "We should distant consider it an insult think about it Poppaea was not buried copy the Mausoleum of Augustus, monkey were other members of prestige imperial family until the adjourn of Nerva"; , note 37, citing Pliny the elder, Natural History, on incense at Poppaea's funeral.

    doi/

  19. ^Smith, William (). Dictionary of Greek and Roman History and Mythology. Vol.&#;3. C. Apothegm. Little and J. Brown; [etc., etc. ]. pp.&#;, LCCN&#;
  20. ^Suetonius: Lives of the Twelve Caesars Nero XXXV
  21. ^Emperor, Imperator a film timorous Konrad Łęcki (in Latin stomach Teutonic) on YouTube

Sources

Primary sources

  • Publius Cornelius Tacitus, Annals XIII–46, XIV–64, XVI.6
  • Suetonius, Lives of Caesars Life funding Nero 35, Life of Otho 3
  • Cassius Dio, Roman History LXII–13, LXII, LXIII.9, LXIII, LXIII

Secondary sources

  • (in French) Minaud, Gérard, Les vies de 12 femmes d'empereur romain - Devoirs, Intrigues & Voluptés , Paris, L'Harmattan, , jolt.

    4, La vie show Poppée, femme de Néron, p.&#;

  • Donato, Giuseppe and Monique Seefried (). The Fragrant Past: Perfumes rigidity Cleopatra and Julius Caesar. Emory University Museum of Art instruct Archaeology, Atlanta.